Growth Performance and Physiological Variables for Broiler Chickens Subjected to Short-Term Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

Abstract

Four trials were conducted to evaluate growth responses, blood chemistry and heart characteristics of broiler chicks subjected to progressive concentrations (0, 3,000, 6,000, 9,000 ppm) of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas from 1-14 days of age, which were then discontinued throughout the remainder of the trial (42 days of age). On days 14 and 42 of each trial, 20 birds per chamber were randomly selected for immediate analysis of blood partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), blood partial pressure of O₂ (pO₂), blood pH, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), blood electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl^-) and determination of heart characteristics. Body and feed weights were recorded at 0, 14, 28 and 42 days of age for growth performances. Final body weight (BW) gain and feed conversion were similar among the treatments, but cumulative mortality significantly increased as CO₂ increased (P ≤ 0.05) from 3,000-9,000 ppm. Treatments did not alter blood pCO₂ and pO₂ concentrations at age 14 and 42 days of age. Increasing CO₂ up to 9,000 ppm failed to reveal differences for heart weight characteristics at 14 days of age, but total heart and left ventricle weights were increased at 42 days of age. These results indicate that subjecting chicks to progressive concentrations of CO₂ from 1-14 days of age does not adversely alter blood chemistry or cumulative growth performance, but increased the incidence of late-mortality.