The Effect of Diets Containing Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) Fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus on the Production Performance and the Egg Quality of Quail
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2019.634.640Keywords:
<i>Rhizopus oligosporus</i>, feed conversion, feed formulation, jack beans, quailAbstract
Background and Objectives: The scarcity and high prices of raw materials for poultry feed are major problems that can hinder the production of poultry. One alternative ingredient that can be used in feed is jack beans. This study was conducted to determine the effect of diets containing jack beans fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus on the production performance and the egg quality of quail. Materials and Methods: The main materials used in this research were jack bean products after fermentation by R. oligosporus and 1-month-old quail(not yet egg-laying). The study was carried out using a completely randomized design consisting of 5 diet treatments; each treatment was replicated 4 times and each replication contained 15 quail. Four kinds of diet contained fermented jack beans at 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0% and the control diet did not contain fermented jack beans. The observed parameters included feed consumption, egg production, feed conversion, eggshell thickness, egg yolk color and egg yolk cholesterol. Results: The level of fermented jack beans in the diets of layer quail had no significant effect (p>0.05) on feed consumption and eggshell thickness. However, egg weight, daily egg production, feed conversion, egg yolk color intensity and egg yolk cholesterol were significantly affected by the jack bean treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of fermented jack beans in the feed formulations of layer quail is safe up to 22.5%. Feeds containing 22.5% fermented jack beans can increase egg weight and egg production and reduce the feed conversion ratio of quail and the cholesterol levels of quail eggs. Jack beans fermented by R. oligosporus can be used as a food ingredient in the feed formulations of layer quail to increase the quantity and quality of quail eggs.
References
Endrawati, D. and E. Kusumaningtyas, 2017. Several functions of Rhizopus sp. on increasing nutritional value of feed ingredient. Indones. Bull. Anim. Vet. Sci., 27: 81-88.
Utami, S., D. Rusmana, R. Wiradimadja and A. Rochana, 2018. Modify the chemical composition of jack bean to be used as alternative feedstuff in poultry diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 17: 160-166.
Maknun, L., S. Kismiati and I. Mangisah, 2015. Production performances of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with the treatment of quail egg incubation waste flour. J. Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan, 25: 53-58, (In Indonesian).
Zahra, A.A., D. Sunarti and Dan E. Suprijatna, 2012. Effects of free choice feeding on the egg production performance of (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Anim. Agri. J.
Esminger, M.E., 1992. Poultry Science. 3rd Edn., Interstate Publishers Inc., Danville, IL., USA.
Schunack, W., Mayer, Klaus and Haake, 1990. Compounds of Medicines, Book for the Study of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. (Translated by Wattimena, J.R. and S. Soebito). 2nd Edn., Gadjah Mada University Press, Indonesia.
Roubos-van den Hil, P.J., M.J.R. Nout, J. van der Meulen and H. Gruppen, 2010. Bioactivity of tempe by inhibiting adhesion of ETEC to intestinal cells, as influenced by fermentation substrates and starter pure cultures. Food Microbiol., 27: 638-644.
Saraswati, T.R. and S. Tana, 2016. Effect of turmeric powder supplementation to the age of sexual maturity, physical, and chemical quality of the first japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) egg. Biosaintifika J. Biol. Educ., 8: 18-24.
Triyanto, 2007. Performa produksi burung puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica) periode produksi umur 6-13 minggu pada lama pencahayaan yang berbeda. Bachelor Thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.
Pangestuti, Y.D., 2009. Analisis kelayakan usaha peternakan puyuh pada peternakan puyuh bintang tiga desa situ ilir, kecamatan cibungbulang, kabupaten bogor. Bachelor Thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.
Luthfi, M., H. Nur and Anggraeni, 2015. Effect of the inclusion of turmeric (Curcuma domestica) extract solution in drinking water on the eggs yields of quail. J. Peternakan Nusantara, 1: 81-88.
Kobayasi, S.Y., N. Okazaki and T. Koseki, 1992. Purification and characterization of an antibiotic substance produced from Rhizopus oligosporus IFO 8631. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 56: 94-98.
Jennessen, J., J. Schnurer, J. Olsson, R.A. Samson and J. Dijksterhuis, 2008. Morphological characteristics of sporangiospores of the tempe fungus Rhizopus oligosporus differentiate it from other taxa of the R. microsporus group. Mycol. Res., 112: 547-563.
Wina, E., Sumiati, Y. Yusriani, T. Pasaribu and I.W.R. Susana, 2012. Utilization of fermented Jatropha seed meal as animal feed, Indonesian experience. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Animal Nutrition and Environment, Khon Kaen, September 14-15, 2012, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
Wahju, 2011. Poultry Nutrition Science. Gadjah Mada University Press, Indonesia.
Proudfoot, F.G., H.W. Hulan and K.B. McRAE, 1988. Performance comparisons of phased protein dietary regimens fed to commercial leghorns during the laying period. Poult. Sci., 67: 1447-1454.
Sudrajat, D., D. Kardaya and Sahroji, 2015. Egg yield of layer quail feed water containing daun Sirih. J. Peternakan Nusantara, 1: 97-104.
Ri, E., K. Sato, T. Oikawa, T. Kunieda and H. Uchida, 2005. Effects of dietary protein levels on production and characteristics of Japanese quail eggs. J. Poult. Sci., 42: 130-139.
Setyawan, A.E., E. Sudjarwo, E. Widodo and H.S. Prayogi, 2013. The effect of adding tea waste in feed on the appearance of quail egg production. J. Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan, 23: 7-10, (In Indonesian).
Hsiao, N.W., Y. Chen, Y.C. Kuan, Y.C. Lee, S.K. Lee, H.H. Chan and C.H. Kao, 2014. Purification and characterization of an aspartic protease from the Rhizopus oryzae protease extract, peptidase R. Electron. J. Biotechnol., 17: 89-94.
Sjofjan, O., 2003. Kajian probiotik (Aspergillus niger dan Bacillus sp.) sebagai imbuhan ransum dan implikasinya terhadap mikroflora usus serta penampilan produksi ayam petelur. Ph.D. Thesis, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia.
Esminger, M.E., 1992. Poultry Science. 3rd Edn., Interstate Publishers Inc., Danville, IL., USA.
Amrullah, I.K., 2004. Layer Nutrition. 3rd Edn., Satu Gunung Budi Institute, Bogor, Indonesia.
Wiradimadja, R., 2007. Dinamika status kolesterol pada puyuh jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica) yang diberi daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.) Dalam ransum. Ph.D. Thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.
North, M.O. and D.D. Bell, 1992. Commercial Chicken Production Manual. 4th Edn., Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, USA.
Kang, D.K., S.I. Kim, C.H. Cho, Y.H. Yim and H.S. Kim, 2003. Use of lycopene, an antioxidant carotenoid, in laying hens for egg yolk pigmentation. Asian-Austr. J. Anim. Sci., 16: 1799-1803.
Chantsavang, S., P. Piafupoa and O. Triwutanon, 1998. Effect of EM on growth, egg production and waste characteristics of Japanese Quail. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Kyusei Nature Farming, (KNF’98), USA.
Levin, R.J., 1984. Absorption from the Alimentary Tract. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Domestic Fowl, Vol. 5, Freeman, B.M. (Ed.)., Academic Press, New York, USA.
Hertamawati, R.T., 2010. Estrogenic activity of isoflavone extract of edamame soybean waste as feed additive in feed to increase productivity of quail (Cortunix-coturnix Japonica). Proceedings of the National Seminar on Sustainable Livestock II, November 3-4, 2010, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.
Chen, T.R. and Q.K. Wei, 2008. Analysis of bioactive aglycone isoflavones in soybean and soybean products. Nutr. Food Sci., 38: 540-547.
Glover, A. and S.J. Assinder, 2006. Acute exposure of adult male rats to dietary phytoestrogens reduces fecundity and alters epididymal steroid hormone receptor expression. J. Endocrinol., 189: 565-573.
Da Silva, W.A., A.H.N. Elias, J.A. Aricetti, M.I. Sakamoto and A.E. Murakami et al., 2009. Quail egg yolk (Coturnix coturnix japonica) enriched with omega-3 fatty acids. LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 42: 660-663.
Aviati, V., S.M. Mardiati and T.R. Saraswati, 2014. Kadar kolesterol telur puyuh setelah pemberian tepung kunyit dalam pakan. Buletin Anatomi Fisiologi, 22: 58-64.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
