Ascertaining the Growth Performance, Ileal Gut Morphology, Gastro-Intestinal Development and Viability of Broiler Chicken Fed L-Methionine (L-Met) Supplemented Diet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2020.477.485Keywords:
Amino acid, broiler chicken, gastro-intestinal organs, growth, intestinal morphology, survivabilityAbstract
Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the productivity of broiler fed diet supplemented with L-methionine. Materials and Methods: Day-old broiler chicks (n = 216: Cobb500) were reared from day 1-33 in the battery cages. The chicks were distributed randomly into four treatments, i.e., D0 (DL-Met), D1 (0.20% L-Met), D2 (0.25% L-Met) and D3 (0.30% L-Met) in a CRD. Each treatment was replicated 6 times with 9 birds per replicate. Chicks were fed commercial starter diet ad libitum up to 2 weeks . After that, test diets were supplied throughout the trial period (15-33 day). All the formulated diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Data were collected for feed intake (FI), live weight (LW), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and livability. Visceral organs and ileal samples were collected on day 33 to assess the gut morphology and gastro-intestinal development of broiler. Results: The data revealed that FI (p<0.01) and LW (p<0.05) of broiler were influenced by treatment without affecting the FCR (p>0.05) up to 33 day. Birds fed D3 diet had higher (p<0.038) LW (1996.50.0 g bird–1) at the expense of greater FI (3047.40 g bird–1) than that of other diets on day 33. The livability (%) of broilers was unaffected (p>0.05) between treatments. No significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the visceral organ weights (small intestine, proventriculus, gizzard, liver, heart, spleen and bursa) of broilers except for pancreas, which was found higher (p<0.029) in the birds fed D3 diet. The data of gut morphology revealed that broiler fed L-Met diets (D2, D3) had increased (p<0.05) villi width, crypt depth and surface area compared to the birds fed D0 and D1 diets. Conclusion: Chick fed diets supplemented with L-Met had better growth response than that of chicks fed diets with DL- Met.
References
Hossain, M.A., A.F. Islam and P.A. Iji, 2015. The availability or retention of micronutrient contents in the ilealdigesta of broiler chickens raised on plant protein diets with and without supplemental enzymes. Global J. Anim. Scient. Res., 3: 423-434.
Dilger, R.N. and D.H. Baker, 2007. DL-methionine is as efficacious as L-methionine, but modest L-cystine excesses are anorexigenic in sulfur amino acid-deficient purified and practical-type diets fed to chicks. Poult. Sci., 86: 2367-2374.
Singh, R.A. and B. Panda, 1992. Poultry Nutrition. 2nd Edn., Kalyani Publishers, Rajinder Nagar, Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalgh and C.A. Morgan, 2002. Animal Nutrition. 6th Edn., Prentice Hall, UK., ISBN: 9780582419063, Pages: 693.
Yi, G.F., A.M. Gaines, B.W. Ratliff, P. Srichana, G.L. Allee, K.R. Perryman and C.D. Knight, 2006. Estimation of the true ileal digestible lysine and sulfur amino acid requirement and comparison of the bioefficacy of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid and DL-methionine in eleven- to twenty-six-kilogram nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 1709-1721.
Finkelstein, J.D., 1990. Methionine metabolism in mammals. J. Nutr. Biochem., 1: 228-237.
Reddy, V.Y., P.E. Desorchers, S.V. Pizzo, S.L. Gonias, J.A. Sahakian, R.L. Levine and S.J. Weiss, 1994. Oxidative dissociation of human alpha 2-macroglobulin tetramers into dysfunctional dimers. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 4683-4691.
Luo, S. and R.L. Levine, 2009. Methionine in proteins defends against oxidative stress. FASEB J., 23: 464-472.
Stoll, B., J. Henry, P.J. Reeds, H. Yu, F. Jahoor and D.G. Burrin, 1998. Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets. J. Nutr., 128: 606-614.
Riedijk, M.A., B. Stoll, S. Chacko, H. Schierbeek, A.L. Sunehag, J.B.v. Goudoever and D.G. Burrin, 2007. Methionine transmethylation and transsulfuration in the piglet gastrointestinal tract. Proc. National Acad. Sci., 104: 3408-3413.
Shoveller, A.K., J.A. Brunton, J.D. House, P.B. Pencharz and R.O. Ball, 2003. Dietary cysteine reduces the methionine requirement by an equal proportion in both parenterally and enterally fed piglets. J. Nutr., 133: 4215-4224.
Baker, D.H., 2006. Comparative species utilization and toxicity of sulfur amino acids. J. Nutr., 136: 1670S-1675S.
Thwaites D.T. and C.M.H. Anderson, 2007. Deciphering the mechanisms of intestinal imino (and amino) acid transport: The redemption of SLC36A1. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr., 1768: 179-197.
Dibner, J.J. and C.D. Knight, 1984. Conversion of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid to L-methionine in the chick: A stereo specific pathway. J. Nutr., 114: 1716-1723.
Shen, Y.B., P. Ferket, I. Park, R.D. Malheiros and S.W. Kim, 2015. Effects of feed grade L-methionine on intestinal redox status, intestinal development, and growth performance of young chickens compared with conventional DL-methionine. J. Anim. Sci., 93: 2977-2986.
NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 9780309048927, Pages: 176.
AOAC., 2016. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 20th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA., USA., ISBN-13: 978-0935584875, Pages: 3172.
Wiseman, J., 1987. Feeding of Non-Ruminant Livestock. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., UK.
Bunchasak, C., 2009. Role of dietary methionine in poultry production. J. Poult. Sci., 46: 169-179.
Xue, J.J., M. Xie, J. Tang, W. Huang, Q. Zhang and S. SHou, 2018. Effects of excess DL- and L-methionine on growth performance of starter Pekin ducks. Poult. Sci., 97: 946-950.
Noll, S.L., P.E. Waibel, R.D. Cook and J.A. Witmer, 1984. Biopotency of methionine sources for young turkeys. Poult. Sci., 63: 2458-2470.
Shen, Y.B., A.C. Weaver and S.W. Kim, 2014. Effect of feed grade L-methionine on growth performance and gut health in nursery pigs compared with conventional DL-methionine. J. Anim. Sci., 92: 5530-5539.
Park, I., T. Pasquetti, R.D. Malheiros, P.R. Ferket and S.W. Kim, 2018. Effects of supplemental L-methionine on growth performance and redox status of turkey poults compared with the use of DL-methionine. Poult. Sci., 97: 102-109.
Marrett, L.E. and M.L. Sunde, 1965. The effect of other D amino acids on the utilization of the isomers of methionine and its hydroxy analogue. Poult. Sci., 44: 957-964.
Bhargava, K.K., R.P. Hanson and M.L. Sunde, 1970. Effects of methionine and valine on antibody production in chicks infected with newcastle disease virus. J. Nutr., 100: 241-248.
Bhargava, K.K., R.P. Hanson and M.L. Sunde, 1971. Effects of methionine and valine on growth and antibody production in chicks infected with Newcastle disease virus. Poult. Sci., 50: 614-619.
Tamim, M., 2019. The Effects of Indispensable Amino Acid (L- Methionine) on Performances of Broiler Chicken Fed Vegetable Sourced-Diet. Master Thesis, Department of Dairy and Poultry Sciences, CVASU, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Nitsan, Z., G. Ben-Avraham, Z. Zoref and I. Nir, 1991. Growth and development of the digestive organs and some enzymes in broiler chicks after hatching. Br. Poult. Sci., 32: 515-523.
Iji, P.A., A. Saki, and D.R. Tivey, 2001. Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. 1. Intestinal weight and mucosal development. Br. Poult. Sci., 42: 505-513.
Hossain, M.A., P.A. Iji and A.F. Islam, 2016. Gross responses and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and minerals in broiler chicken fed vegetable-based starter diets supplemented with microbial enzymes. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 40: 583-589.
Hossain, M.A., A.F. Islam and P.A. Iji, 2013. Growth responses, excreta quality, nutrient digestibility, bone development and meat yield traits of broiler chickens fed on vegetable or animal protein diets. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 43: 208-218.
Kaewtapee, C., N. Krutthai, K. Poosuwan, T. Poeikhampha, S. Koonawootrittriron and C. Bunchasak, 2010. Effects of adding liquid dl-methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid to drinking water on growth performance and small intestinal morphology of nursery pigs. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 94: 395-404.
Swennen, Q., P.A. Geraert, Y. Mercier, N. Everaert and A. Stinckens et al., 2011. Effects of dietary protein content and 2-Hydroxy-4-Methylthiobutanoic acid or DL-methionine supplementation on performance and oxidative status of broiler chickens. Br. J. Nutr., 106: 1845-1854.
Wang, H., S. Li, S. Fang, X. Yang and J. Feng, 2018. Betaine improves intestinal functions by enhancing digestive enzymes, ameliorating intestinal morphology, and enriching intestinal microbiota in high-salt stressed rats. Nutrients, Vol. 10, No. 7.
Wang, W.W., S.Y. Qiao and D.F. Li, 2009. Amino acids and gut function. Amino Acids, 37: 105-110.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
