Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) Skin Extract on Blood Biochemistry and Gut Flora of Broiler Chicken
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2015.407.410Keywords:
Blood glucose, broiler chicken, Jengkol, microflora, uric acidAbstract
This study was aimed to determine the effect of Jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringan) skin extract in ration on blood glucose, uric acid and total gut E. coli count of broiler chicken. One hundred day old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups as T1, T2, T3 and T4 with 25 birds per treatment group replicated five times with five birds per replicate in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The birds in the control group (T1) were given normal basal diet without the addition of jengkol skin extract, while as other groups (T2, T3, T4) were supplemented with 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03% jengkol skin extract respectively. The blood samples were randomly collected from five birds per replicate at the end experimental period (5th week) and analyzed for the estimation of blood glucose and uric acid. The total E. coli count of gut contents was analyzed using Total Plate Count method. The results revealed that blood glucose was non-significantly (p>0.05) increased in the groups fed Jengkol at various levels when compared to the control. Further, a significantly (p<0.05) proportional decreasing trend in blood uric acid levels was found with increase in the level of dietary Jengkol, with highest reduction of 8.76±0.35 mg/dl in the group supplemented with 0.03% Jengkol (T4) compared to 11.53±1.20 mg/dl in the control group. Moreover, the total gut E. coli also decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the groups fed Jengkol in the diet (T2, T3 and T4). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of Jengkol had beneficial effect with regard to its ability in reducing the blood uric acid levels and total gut E. coli count of broiler chicken.
References
Abun, 2008. Microflora relationship with gastrointestinal metabolism in poultry and monogastric. Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.
Anonymous, 2014. Elecsys Brahms PCT. Cobas Roche Diagn., 9: 1-5.
Becker, M.A., H.R. Schumacher Jr., R.L. Wortmann, P.A. MacDonald and D. Eustace et al., 2005. Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. N. Engl. J. Med., 353: 2450-2461.
Bergman, M. and P. Felig, 1984. Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels in diabetes: Principles and practice. Arch. Int. Med., 144: 2029-2034.
Chung, K.T., Z. Lu and M.W. Chou, 1998. Mechanism of inhibition of tannic acid and related compounds on the growth of intestinal bacteria. Food Chem. Toxicol., 36: 1053-1060.
Brannen, A.L. and P.M. Davidson, 1993. Antimicrobial in Foods. 2nd Edn., Marcel Dekker, New York.
Duncan, D.B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
Elizondo, A.M., E.C. Mercado, B.C. Rabinovitz and M.E. Fernandez-Miyakawa, 2010. Effect of tannins on the in vitro growth of Clostridium perfringens. Vet. Microbiol., 145: 308-314.
Hara, Y., 1997. Influence of tea catechins on the digestive tract. J. Cell. Biochem., 27: 52-58.
Hara, H., N. Orita, S. Hatano, H. Ichikawa and Y. Hara et al., 1995. Effect of tea polyphenols on fecal flora and fecal metabolic products of pigs. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 57: 45-49.
Haslam, E., 1996. Natural polyphenols (vegetable tannins) as drugs: Possible modes of action. J. Nat. Prod., 59: 205-215.
Hazelwood, R.L., 2000. Pancreas. In: Sturkie's Avian Physiology, Whittow, C.C. (Ed.). 5th Edn., Academic Press, USA.
Klasing, K.C., 2000. Comparative Avian Nutrition. CABI Publishing, Wallingford.
Mila, I., A. Scalbert and D. Expert, 1996. Iron withholding by plant polyphenols and resistance to pathogens and rots. Phytochemistry, 42: 1551-1555.
Muthusamy, V.S., S. Anand, K.N. Sangeetha, S. Sujatha, B. Arun and B.S. Lakshmi, 2008. Tannins present in Cichorium intybus enhance glucose uptake and inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through PTP1B inhibition. Chemico-Biol. Interact., 174: 69-78.
NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Rev. Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 978-0-309-04892-7, Pages: 176.
Quinn, P.J., M.E. Carter, B.K. Markey and G.R. Carter, 1992. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Mosby-Year Book Europe limited Lynton House, London, pp: 61-65.
Sakanaka, S., L.R. Juneja and M. Taniguchi, 2000. Antimicrobial effects of green tea polyphenols on thermophilic spore-forming bacteria. J. Biosci. Bioeng., 90: 81-85.
Scalbert, A., 1991. Antimicrobial properties of tannins. Phytochemistry, 30: 3875-3883.
Song, Y., J.E. Manson, J.E. Buring, D. Howard and S. Liu, 2005. Associations of dietary flavonoids with risk of type 2 diabetes and markers of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation in women: A prospective study and cross-sectional analysis. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 24: 376-384.
Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie, 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edn., McGraw Hill, New York, United States, ISBN-13: 9780070609266, Pages: 633.
Vimala, S., M.L. Adenan, A.R. Ahmad and R. Shahdan, 2003. Nature's Choice to Wellness: Antioxidant Vegetables/ulam. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
