Research Article Open Access

Antibacterial Activity of Pomegranate, Orange and Lemon Peel Extracts Against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Bacteria In vitro and on Poultry Skin

Authors

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Hazem Ramadan
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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Byungjin Min
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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Amit K. Tiwari
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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Gopal Reddy
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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Abiodun Adesiyun
Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Arthur Hinton Jr.
Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, Russell Research Center, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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Woubit Abdela
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
Published on: March 15, 2015
DOI 10.3923/ijps.2015.229.239
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Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of methanol and ethanol extracts of peels of pomegranate (Punica grana), orange (Citrus siensis) and lemon (Limona taris) against four foodborne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a food spoilage bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens. Inhibition tests were conducted in vitro using the disc diffusion and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) assays with the Bioscreen Microbiology analyzer. The study also evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the extracts in situ by determining CFU/ml of bacteria recovered from rinsates of chicken skin treated with the peel extracts and by examining the microflora of treated skin samples using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of all extracts, except the pomegranate ethanol extract, were dependent on the concentration of extract that the bacteria were exposed to during the trials. Treating the inoculated chicken skin with 5 mg/ml of either the five extracts produced significant (p<0.01) reductions in CFU/ml of MRSA, L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens recovered and the MRSA findings were supported by SEM observations. The antimicrobial activity of peel extracts of pomegranate, orange and lemon indicates that these extracts may be used as sanitizers to reduce microbial contamination of some foods and processing.

Keywords:

Antimicrobial activity, chicken skin, foodborne pathogens, plant extracts, spoilage bacterium

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Ramadan , H., Min, B., Tiwari, A. K., Reddy, G., Adesiyun, A., Jr., A. H., & Abdela, W. (2015). Antibacterial Activity of Pomegranate, Orange and Lemon Peel Extracts Against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Bacteria In vitro and on Poultry Skin. International Journal of Poultry Science, 14(4), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2015.229.239
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