Research Article Open Access

Cassava Root Chips as an Alternative Energy Feed Ingredient in Broiler Ration

Authors

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Etalem Tesfaye
Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
|
Getachew Animut
School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
|
Mengistu Urge
School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
|
Tadelle Dessie
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published on: April 15, 2013
DOI 10.3923/ijps.2013.298.306
PDF

Abstract

A total of 300 day-old Hubbard Classic broiler chicks with initial body weight (BW) of 43.6±1.33 (mean±SD) were randomly and equally distributed into 15 pens, representing five feeding treatments with three replication per treatment to evaluate the performance of chicks fed varying dietary levels of cassava root chips (CRC) replacing corn grain (CG). Treatments were replacement of CG with CRC at 0 (T1), 25 (T2), 50 (T3), 75 (T4) and 100% (T5) levels. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous starter and finisher rations were used. Four birds 2 from each sex were randomly taken from each replication and slaughtered for carcass evaluation at the end of the study. The metabolizable energy content of CRC and CG were 3852 and 3753 kcal/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. Daily DM intake during the entire experimental period ranged 61 to 67 g/bird and was greater (P<0.05) for T5 than T3 and T4, while values for T1 was similar with other treatments. Change in BW, daily BW gain and DM conversion efficiency were similar (P>0.05) among treatments. Replacement of CRC for CG at higher levels (75 and 100%) lowered (P<0.05) yield of most carcass parameters such as slaughter weight, dressed weight, eviscerated weight, breast weight, thigh weight, drumstick weight and giblet weight. The same carcass parameters were greater (P<0.05) for male than female birds but abdominal fat percentage was higher for females. In conclusion, based on DM intake and growth performance of broilers obtained in this study, CRC could completely replace corn grain in broiler diets as energy feed ingredient. However, looking on the results of yields of major carcass parameters, CRC should substitute corn grain not more than 50%.

Keywords:

Broiler, carcass, cassava root chips, intake

Article Metrics

189 Abstract Views
175 File Views
0 Downloads

License

Copyright (c) 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article Citation Metrics

Find Cassava Root Chips as an Alternative Energy Feed Ingredient in Broiler Ration on PlumX

How to Cite

Tesfaye , E., Animut, G., Urge, M., & Dessie, T. (2013). Cassava Root Chips as an Alternative Energy Feed Ingredient in Broiler Ration. International Journal of Poultry Science, 12(5), 298–306. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2013.298.306
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

1.
Abdulrashid, M. and L.N. Agwunobi, 2009. Taro cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) meal as feed ingredient in poultry. Pak. J. Nutr., 8: 668-673.
2.
Adeyemi, O.A., D. Eruvbetine, T. Oguntona, M. Dipeolu and J.A. Agunbiade, 2008. Feeding broiler chicken with diets containing whole cassava root meal fermented with rumen filtrate. Arch. Zootec., 57: 247-258.
3.
Akinola, S.O. and S.S. Abiola, 1999. Blood chemistry and carcass yield of cockerels fed melon husk diets. Trop. J. Anim. Sci., 2: 39-44.
4.
Anthony, V.P., 2009. Utilization of low-grade cassava meal (Gari) in the diets of egg type chicks (0-8 Weeks). Pak. J. Nutr., 8: 39-41.
5.
AOAC, 1998. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC., USA.
6.
DZARC, 2003. Annual research report 2002/03. Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
7.
Egena, S.S.A. and O.B. Ocheme, 2008. Effect of hydrocyanic acid intake on sensory properties of broiler meat. Pak. J. Nutr., 7: 191-193.
8.
Ahmed, M.E. and T.E. Abbas, 2011. Effects of dietary levels of methionine on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10: 147-151.
9.
Enidiok, S.E., L.E. Attah and C.A. Otuechere, 2008. Evaluation of moisture, total cyanide and fiber contents of garri produced from cassava (Manihot utilissima) varieties obtained from awassa in southern Ethiopia. Pak. J. Nutr., 7: 625-629.
10.
Eruvbetine, D., I.D. Tajudeen, A.T. Adeosun and A.A. Olojede, 2003. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf and tuber concentrate in diets for broiler chickens. Bioresour. Technol., 86: 277-281.
11.
Esonu, B.O., O.O. Emenalom, A.B.L. Udedibie, U. Herbert, C.F. Ekpor, E.C. Okoli and F.C. Iheukwumere, 2001. Performance and blood chemistry of weaner pigs fed raw Mucuna bean (Velvet bean) meal. Trop. Anim. Prod. Invest., 4: 49-54.
12.
Essers, A.J., C. Ebong, R.M. van der Grift, W. Otiro-Nape and M.J. Nout, 1994. Detoxification of cassava by heap fermentation in Uganda. Proceedings of the 5th the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, December 26-27, 1994, Kampala, Uganda.
13.
Garcia, M., 1999. Cassava root meal for poultry. J. Applied Poult. Res., 8: 132-137.
14.
IITA, 1989. Cassava processing and utilization. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Annual Report, Ibadan, Nigeria.
15.
Iyayi, E.A., 2009. Prospects and challenges of unconventional poultry feedstuffs. Proceedings of the 3rd Nigerian International Poultry Summit, February 22-26, 2009, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
16.
Kubena, L.F., F.J. Wchen and F.N. Reece, 1974. Factors influencing the quality of abdominal fat in broilers. III. Feed and dietary levels. J. Poult. Sci., 53: 974-978.
17.
Leeson, S. and J.D. Summers, 2005. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. 3rd Edn., University Books, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, ISBN-13: 9780969560050, Pages: 398.
18.
Liebermann, C., 1985. Determination of cholesterol in blood serum. Chem. Ber., 18: 1803-1805.
19.
Longe, O.G. and J.A. Oluyemi, 1977. Comparative use of cassava, maize and guinea corn as the major dietary source of carbohydrates for chicks. J. Assoc. Adv. Agric. Sci. Afr., 4: 47-52.
20.
Massaquoi, J.G.M., J.D. Sormana and A.M. Koroma, 1990. Technological capability in the formal food processing sector: The case of rice and cassava processing. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada, West African Technology Policy Studies (WATPS) Programme Report.
21.
Ngandjou, H.M., A. Teguia, J.R. Kana, H.K. Mube and M. Diarra, 2011. Effect of the level of incorporation of cassava flour in the diet on broiler growth parameters. Livestock Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 23.
22.
O'Hair, S.K., 1990. Tropical Root and Tuber Crops. In: Advances in New Crops, Janick, J. and J.E. Simon (Eds.). Timber Press, Portland, pp: 424-428.
23.
Ojano-Dirain, C.P. and P.W. Waldroup, 2002. Evaluation of lysine, methionine and threonine needs of broilers three to six week of age under moderate temperature stress. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 1: 16-21.
24.
Ojewola, G.S., O.E. Opera and O. Ndupu, 2006. The substitutional value of cassava meal, supplemented and unsupplemented with palm oil for maize in broiler diets. J. Anim. Vet. Sci., 5: 478-482.
25.
Oladunjoye, I.O., O. Ojebiyi and O.A. Amao, 2010. Effect of feeding processed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peel meal based diet on the performance characteristics, egg quality and blood profile of laying chicken. Agric. Trop. Subtrop., 43: 119-126.
26.
Olsen, K.M. and B.A. Schaal, 1999. Evidence on the origin of cassava: Phylogeography of Manihot esculenta. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 96: 5586-5591.
27.
Promthong, S., U. Kanto, C. Tirawattanawanich, S. Tongyai, S. Isariyodom, K. Markvichitr and A. Engkagul, 2004. The comparative effects of corn and cassava diets on physiological properties of gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Kasetsart J. Nat. Sci., 38: 113-119.
28.
Saentaweesuk, S., U. Kanto, S. Juttupornpong and P. Harinsut, 2000. Substitution of cassava meal for corn in broiler diets. Proceedings of the 38th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Animal, Veterinary Medicine, February 1-4, 2000, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
29.
SAS, 2002. Statistical Analysis Systems for Mixed Models. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC., USA.
30.
Schutte, J.B. and M. Pack, 1995. Sulfur amino acid requirement of broiler chicks from fourteen to thirty-eight days of age. 1. Performance and carcass yield. Poult. Sci., 74: 480-487.
31.
Schutte, J.B., J. de Jong, W. Smink and M. Pack, 1997. Replacement value of betaine for DL-methionine in male broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 76: 321-325.
32.
Stephen, S., 2003. Biochemical evaluation of cassava flour meal in broiler diets. M.S. Thesis, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
33.
Stephen, S. and B.A. Ayanwale, 2003. Effect of different hydrocyanic acid consumption on haematological values in broilers. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria, September 16-18, 2003, Ogun State, Nigeria.
34.
Stevenson, M.H. and N. Jackson, 1983. The nutritional value of dried cassava root meal in broiler diets. J. Sci. Food Agric., 34: 1361-1367.
35.
Tada, O., A. Mutungamiri, T. Rukuni and T. Maphosa, 2004. Evaluation of performance of broiler chicken fed on cassava flour as a direct substitute of maize. Afr. Crop Sci. J., 12: 267-273.
36.
Tewe, O.O. and M. Bokanga, 2001. Cost effective cassava-plant based rations for poultry and pigs. Proceedings of the 8th International Society for Tropical Root Crops-Africa Branch symposium, November 10-11, 2001, Ibadan, Nigeria, 229-234.
37.
Tion, M.A. and I. Adeka, 2000. The evaluation of cassava root meal as a replacement in poultry diet. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society of Animal Production, March 19-23, 2000, Umudike, Nigeria, pp: 113-116.
38.
Wiseman, J., 1987. Feeding of Non-Ruminant Livestock. 1st Edn., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, United Kingdom, ISBN: 978-0-407-00460-3, Pages: 228.
39.
Willie, D. and A. Kinabo, 1980. Cassava or maize meal for broilers and the effect of supplementation with methionine and sulphate in cassava based diets. Trop. Anim. Prod., 5: 182-190.
40.
Yeoh, H.H. and V.D. Truong, 1996. Protein contents, amino acid composition and nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors for cassava roots. J. Sci. Food Agric., 70: 51-54.

Most read articles by the same author(s)