Research Article
Open Access
The Effects of Enzyme Supplementation on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Some Blood Parameters of Broilers Fed on Corn-Soybean Meal-Wheat Diets
Abstract
In a completely randomized design the effects of a multi-enzyme (Endo-feed-W) supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of Cobb 500 broilers fed on corn-soybean meal-wheat diets were studied. The enzyme levels added to the diets were 0.00% (control) and 500mg kg-1 DM. Enzyme supplementation significantly improved body weight gain, feed to gain ratio, relative growth, energy and protein efficiency from 11-28 d of age. Adding enzyme significantly increased body weight gain, decreased feed intake and improved feed to gain ratio, energy and protein efficiency from 29-44 d of age (p<0.05). Body weight gain, feed intake, relative growth, energy and protein efficiency was increased and feed to gain ratio was decreased by enzyme supplementation from 29-44 d (p<0.05). Enzyme addition significantly increased carcass and thigh percentages at 44 d of age. Adding enzyme significantly increased the concentration of blood triiodothyronine (T3) at 28 and 42 d and reduced the concentration of blood thyroxin (T4) at 42 d of age. Enzyme inclusion increased the concentration of blood total cholesterol at 10, 28 and 42 d of age, however HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increased at d 10 and 42 (p<0.05). The concentration of blood uric acid was significantly decreased at d 28 and 42 in broilers fed enzyme supplemented diets.
Keywords:
Blood parameters, broilers, carcass characteristics, multi-enzyme, performanceArticle Metrics
169
Abstract Views
137
File Views
0
Downloads
License
Copyright (c) 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Article Citation Metrics
How to Cite
Hajati, H., Rezaei, M., & Sayyahzadeh, H. (2009). The Effects of Enzyme Supplementation on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Some Blood Parameters of Broilers Fed on Corn-Soybean Meal-Wheat Diets. International Journal of Poultry Science, 8(12), 1199–1205. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.1199.1205
References
1.
Acamovic, T., 2001. Commercial application of enzyme technology for poultry production. Word's Poult. Sci. J., 57: 225-242.
2.
Alam, M.J., M.A.R. Howlider, M.A.H. Pramanik and M.A. Haque, 2003. Effect of exogenous enzyme in diet on broiler performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 2: 168-173.
3.
Alonso-Alvarez, C. and M. Ferrer, 2001. A biochemical study of fasting, subfeeding and recovery process in yellow-legged gulls. Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 74: 703-713.
4.
Knudsen, K.E.B., 1997. Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 67: 319-338.
5.
Bedford, M.R. and K. Autio, 1996. Microscopic examination of feed and digesta from wheat-fed broiler chickens and its relation to bird performance. Poult. Sci., 75: 1-14.
6.
Bedford, M.R., 2000. Exogenous enzymes in monogastric nutrition-their current value and future benefits. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 86: 1-13.
7.
Bedford, M.R., H.L. Classen and G.L. Campbell, 1991. The effects of pelleting, salt and pentosanase on the viscosity of intestinal contents and the performance of broiler broilers fed rye. Poult. Sci., 70: 1571-1577.
8.
Bedford, M.R. and H. Schulze, 1998. Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry. Nutr. Res. Rev., 11: 91-114.
9.
Biswas, T., L. Mandal and S.K. Sarker, 1999. Studies of enzymes supplementation and herbal preparation at different levels of energy on the performance of broilers. J. Interacad., 3: 53-58.
10.
Broz, J. and N.E. Ward, 2007. The role of vitamins and feed enzymes in combating metabolic challenges and disorders. J. Applied Poult. Res., 16: 150-159.
11.
Buyse, J., K. Jassens, S.P. van der Geyten, P. van, As, E. Decuypere and V.M. Darras, 2002. Pre- and postprandial changes in plasma hormone and metabolite levels and hepatic deiodinase activities in meal-fed broiler chickens. Br. J. Nutr., 88: 641-653.
12.
Cogburn, L.A., N.C. Mao, S. Agarwal and J. Burnside, 1995. Interaction between somatotropic and thyrotropic axes in regulation of growth and development of broiler chickens. Arch. Geflugelkunde Sonderheft, 1: 18-21.
13.
Collin, A., R.D. Malheiros, V.M.B. Moraes, P. van As and V.M. Darras et al., 2003. Effects of dietary macronutrient content on energy metabolism and uncoupling protein mRNA expression in broiler chickens. Br. J. Nutr., 90: 261-269.
14.
Friedewald, W.T., R.I. Levy and D.S. Fredrickson, 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem., 18: 499-502.
15.
Gao, F., Y. Jiang, G.H. Zhou and Z.K. Han, 2008. The effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, blood parameters and gut microflora in broilers fed on wheat-based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 142: 173-184.
16.
Ghazi, S., J.A. Rooke, H. Galbraith and M.R. Bedford, 2002. The potential for the improvement of the nutritive value of soya-bean meal by different proteases in broiler chicks and broiler cockerels. Br. Poult. Sci., 43: 70-77.
17.
Gordon, T. and M. Amer, 1977. Cardiovascular disease marker. Am. J. Med., 62: 707-714.
18.
Costa, F.G.P., C.C. Goulart, D.F. Figueiredo, C.F.S. Oliveira and J.H.V. Silva, 2008. Economic and environmental impact of using exogenous enzymes on poultry feeding. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 311-314.
19.
Del Alamo, A.G., M.W.A. Verstegen, L.A. Den Hartog, P.P. de Ayala and M.J. Villamide, 2008. Effect of wheat cultivar and enzyme addition to broiler chicken diets on nutrient digestibility, performance and apparent metabolizable energy content. Poult. Sci., 87: 759-767.
20.
Han, Z.K., 1997. Effect of Enzyme Supplementation of Diets on the Physiological Function and Performance of Poultry. In: Enzymes in Poultry and Swine Nutrition, Marquardt, R.R. and Z.K. Han (Eds.). IDRC, Ottawa, Canada, pp: 29-44.
21.
Jamroz, D., J. Skorupinska, J. Jorda, A. Wiliczkie-Wicz and L. Volker, 1996. The effect of increased Roxazyme-G supplementation in the broiler fed with triticale rich mixture. Arch. Fur Geflugekunde, 60: 165-173.
22.
Kim, J.C., B.P. Mullan, P.H. Simmins and J.R. Pluske, 2003. Variation in the chemical composition of wheats grown in Western Australia as influenced by variety, growing region, season and post-harvest storage. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 54: 541-550.
23.
Kloss, P., E. Jeffery, M. Wallig, M. Tumbleson and C. Parsons, 1994. Efficacy of feeding glucosinolate extracted crambe meal to broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 73: 1542-1551.
24.
Kussaibati, R., L. Guillaume and B. Leclercq, 1982. The effects of age, dietary fat and bile salts and feeding rate on apparent and true metabolisable energy values in chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 23: 393-403.
25.
Lazaro, R., M. Garcia, P. Medel and G.G. Mateos, 2003. Influence of enzymes on performance and digestive parameters of broilers fed rye-based diets. Poult. Sci., 82: 132-140.
26.
Leeson, S., L.J. Caston and D. Yungblut, 1996. Adding roxazyme to wheat diets of chicken and turkey broilers. J. Applied Poult. Res., 5: 167-172.
27.
Mancini, M. and M. Parillo, 1991. Lipid intake and therosclerosis. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 35: 103-108.
28.
Noy, Y. and D. Sklan, 1995. Digestion and absorption in the young chick. Poult. Sci., 73: 366-373.
29.
Olukosi, O.A., A.J. Cowieson and O. Adeola, 2007. Age-related influence of a cocktail of xylanase, amylase and protease or phytase individually or in combination in broilers. Poult. Sci., 86: 77-86.
30.
Pettersson, D. and P. Aman, 1992. Production responses and serum lipid concentrations of broiler chickens fed diets based on oat brand and extracted oat bran with and without enzyme sup- plementation. J. Sci. Food Agric., 58: 569-576.
31.
Pisarski, R.K. and S. Wojcik, 1995. The effectiveness of pentosanase in relation of the composition of concentration for broiler chickens. Ann. Univ. Mar. Curie-Lodowska Sectio EE Zooecnica, 13: 171-177.
32.
SAS Institute, 2001. SAS Users Guide Statics. Version 8.2, SAS institute Inc., Cary NC, USA.
33.
Scanes, C.G. and P. Griminger, 1990. Endocrine-nutrition interactions in birds. J. Exp. Zool., 4: 98-105.
34.
Scanes, C.G. and T.J. Lauterio, 1984. Growth hormone: Its physiology and control. J. Exp. Zool., 232: 443-452.
35.
Sutton, C.D., W.M. Muir and G.E. Jr. Mitchell, 1985. The effect of dietary cholesterol, energy intake and oxygen consumption on cholesterol metabolism in the chick. Poult. Sci., 64: 502-509.
36.
Swennen, Q., G.P. Janssens, S. Millet, G. Vansant, E. Decuypere and J. Buyse, 2005. Effect of substitution between fat and protein on feed intake and its regulatory mechanisms in broiler chickens: Endocrine functioning and intermediary metabolism. Poult. Sci., 84: 1051-1057.
37.
Theander, O., E. Westerlund, P. Aman and H. Graham, 1989. Plant cell walls and monogastric diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 23: 205-225.
38.
Thrope, J. and J.D. Beal, 2001. Vegetable Proteins Meals and the Effects of Enzymes. In: Enzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition, Bedford, M.R. and G.G. Partridge (Eds.). CABI Publisher, Wallingford, Oxon, UK., pp: 125-143.
39.
Van der Klis, C., W. Scheele and C. Kwakernaak, 1995. Wheat characteristics related to its feeding value and to the response of enzymes. Proceeding of the 10th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Oct. 15-19, Antalya, Turkey, pp: 160-168.
40.
Vranjes, M.V. and C. Wenk, 1995. Influence of dietary enzyme complex on the performance of broilers fed on diets with and without antibiotic supplementation. Br. Poult. Sci., 36: 265-275.
41.
Wang, Z.R., S.Y. Oiao, W.O. Lu and D.F. Li, 2005. Effects of enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal morphology and volatile fatty acid profiles in the hindgut of broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poult. Sci., 84: 875-881.
42.
Wiseman, J., N.T. Nicol and G. Norton, 2000. Relationship between apparent metabolisable (AME) values and in vivo/in vitro starch digestibility of wheat for broilers. World's Poult. Sci. J., 56: 306-318.
43.
Yu, B., S.T. Wu, C.C. Liu, R. Gauthier and P.W.S. Chiou, 2007. Effects of enzyme inclusion in a corn-soybean diet on broiler performance. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 134: 283-294.
44.
Whatmuff, M.S., 2002. Applying biosolids to acid soil in New South Wales: Are guideline soil metal limits from other countries appropriate. Aust. J. Soil Res., 40: 1041-1056.
45.
Choct, M., R.J. Hughes, J. Wang, M.R. Bedford, A.J. Morgan and G. Annison, 1996. Increased small intestinal fermentation is partly responsible for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 37: 609-621.
