Effect of Palm Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Feed Digestibility and Carcass Percentage of Broilers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2018.57.62Keywords:
Carcass percentage, feed digestibility, growth performance, palm polysaccharides, sugar palmAbstract
Objective: A study was conducted to determine the effect of diets supplemented with several palm polysaccharides on chicken performance, fecal moisture, feed digestibility and carcass percentage. Methodology: A total of 168 unsexed broiler chicks were used in this trial. The broiler chicks were kept for 4 weeks. The broilers were then transferred into metabolism cages for 1 week for digestibility and fecal moisture studies. On day 35, the broilers were sacrificed by cervical dislocation for carcass measurements. The broiler chickens were fed with starter (23% protein and 13.39 MJ of metabolizable energy) and grower (21% protein and 13.39 MJ of metabolizable energy) diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Six different types of diets: Control (C), control+2 ppm avilamycin (C+avi), control+0.05% copra polysaccharide (C+cop), control+0.05% salak polysaccharides (C+salak), control+0.05% sugar palm polysaccharides (C+sug palm) and control+0.05% sago polysaccharides (C+sag) were used. A completely randomized design was used with six treatments and four replicates of 7 birds each. Results: The study indicated that diets supplemented with avilamycin, copra polysaccharides and salak polysaccharides increased body weight gain (p<0.05) compared to the control birds. Feed conversion ratio was improved due to salak polysaccharide supplementation. A decreased fecal moisture was found in birds fed the diet supplemenetd with avilamycin and sago polysaccharides. The addition of avilamycin, copra and salak polysaccharides in the diets increased feed digestibility. Conclusion: Supplemented diet significantly increased the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed digestibility and decreased the fecal moisture.
References
Sundu, B., A. Kumar and J. Dingle, 2005. The importance of physical characteristics of feed for young broilers. Queensland Poult. Symp., 12: 63-75.
Iyayi, E.A. and B.I. Davies, 2005. Effect of enzyme supplementation of palm kernel meal and brewer's dried grain on the performance of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4: 76-80.
Sundu, B., 2009. Gastro-intestinal response and passage time of pelleted diets in digestive tract of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 8: 976-979.
Hatta, U., O. Sjofjan, I. Subagiyo and B. Sundu, 2014. Effects of fermentation by Trichoderma viride on nutritive value of copra meal, cellulase activity and performance of broiler chickens. Livest. Res. Dev., Vol. 26, No. 4.
Sundu, B., U. Hatta and A.S. Chaudhry, 2012. Potential use of β-mannan from copra meal as a feed additive for broilers. World’s Poult. Sci. J., 68: 707-716.
Dusterhoft, E.M., G.J. Voragen and F.M. Engels, 1991. Non-starch polysaccharide from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) meal and palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis) meal preparation of cell wall material and extraction of polysaccharide fractions. J. Sci. Food Agric., 55: 411-422.
Knudsen, K.E.B., 1997. Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 67: 319-338.
Balasubramaniam, K., 1976. Polysaccharides of the kernel of maturing and matured coconuts. J. Food Sci., 41: 1370-1373.
Jackson, M.E., D.W. Fodge and H.Y. Hsiao, 1999. Effects of β-mannanase in corn-soybean meal diets on laying hen performance. Poult. Sci., 78: 1737-1741.
Lyons, T.P., 2002. Navigating from niche market to mainstream. A feed industry kakumei. Proceedings of Alltech’s 16th Annual Asia Pacific Lecture Tour. Beijing, China, (APLT'02), Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK., pp: 1-16.
Sundu, B., S. Bachry and R. Dien, 2016. Polisakarida dari tanaman palmae sebagai feed aditif (Nutricine) untuk kesehatan unggas. Laporan Penelitian, Universitas Tadulako, Palu, Indonesia.
Sundu, B., S. Bahry and R. Dien, 2015. Palm kernel polysaccharides as a feed additive for broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 14: 394-397.
Kusakabe, I. and R. Takahashi, 1988. Enzymatic preparation of β-1,4-mannooligosaccharides and β-1,4-glucomannooligosaccharides. Methods Enzymol., 160: 518-523.
Pesti, G.M., B.R. Miller and R. Chambers, 1986. User Friendly feed Formulation Program (UFFF) version 1.11-256 k. Department of Poultry Science and Agricultural Economics. The University of Georgia Atlanta.
Jensen, J.F., 1981. Method of Dissection of Broiler Meat Carcass and Description of Parts. Printed at Popwoths Pendagron Press, Papworth Everad, Denmark.
Minitab, 2003. Minitab user's guide. Data analysis and quality tools. Release 14 for Windows. Minitab Inc., Pennsylvania, USA.
Steel, R.G.D. and T.H. Torrie, 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edn., McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York.
Leitner, G., R. Waiman and E.D. Heller, 2001. The effect of apramycin on colonization of pathogenic Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract of chicks. Vet. Q., 23: 62-66.
Sundu, B., S. Bahry and R. Dien, 2016. Palm polysaccharides in the diet of broilers challenged against Escerichia coli: A preliminary study. Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology, (LPVT'16), Department of Agriculture, Indonesia, pp: 385-389.
Fitryani, 2009. Ekstrak beta mannan dari bungkil kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) sebagai pengganti beta mannan komersial dan antibiotik untuk meningkatkan kesehatan broiler. Ph.D. Thesis, Universitas Tadulako, Palu, Indonesia.
Gomez, B., B. Gullon, R. Yanez, H. Schols and J.L. Alonso, 2016. Prebiotic potential of pectins and pectic oligosaccharides derived from lemon peel wastes and sugar beet pulp: A comparative evaluation. J. Funct. Foods, 20: 108-121.
Salah Uddin, M., A.M.M. Tareque, M.A.R. Howlider, M.J. Khan and S. Ahmad, 1992. Effect of dietary protein and energy levels on the performances of starcross layers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 5: 723-731.
Gaucher, M.L., S. Quessy, A. Letellier, J. Arsenault and M. Boulianne, 2015. Impact of a drug-free program on broiler chicken growth performances, gut health, Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni occurrences at the farm level. Poult. Sci., 94: 1791-1801.
Brennan, J., J. Skinner, D.A. Barnum, and J. Wilson, 2003. The efficacy of bacitracin methylene disalicylate when fed in combination with narasin in the management of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 82: 360-363.
Toghyani, M., M. Toghyani and S.A. Tabeidian, 2011. Effect of probiotic and prebiotic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on productive and carcass traits of broiler chicks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Food Engineering and Biotechnology, May 7-9, 2011, Bangkok, Thailand, pp: 82-86.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
