Effect of Papaya Leaves in Feed on the Immunity of Silver and Gold Arab Laying-Hens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2016.254.258Keywords:
Arab laying-hens, eggs production, feather colors, immunity, ya leaves (Carica papaya L.)Abstract
The immunity of Arab Laying-hens is the key to success in the eggs production. The study aims to determine the effect of the level of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) in the feed to the immunity on Arab Laying-hens with different feather colors (Silver and Gold). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement (feather colors X level of papaya leaves). Immunity was determined by the number of CD4, CD8 and B220 after 60 days treatment. The results showed the feather colors and interaction of feather colors and the level of papaya leaves had no significant (p>0.05) effect toward CD4, CD8 and B220. However the number of B220 tended to increase by increasing the level of papaya leaves in feed in both of Silver and Gold Arab Laying-hens. In conclusion, the immunity expressed by CD4, CD8 and B220 was similar in both Silver and Gold Arab Laying-hens, as will go for the level of papaya leaves in feed.
References
Aswani and J. Husain, 2012. Carica papaya as a pack of enzymes and its medicinal value: Short review. J. Sci. Innov. Res., 1 : 65-67.
Francis, G., Z. Kerem, H.P. Makkar and K. Becker, 2002. The biological action of saponins in animal systems: A review. Br. J. Nutr., 88: 587-605.
Hefni, M. and M. Rifa'i, 2013. Activity of kelor leaf extract on humoral immune response in mice post Salmonella typhi infection. J. Veteriner, 14: 519-526.
Krishna, K.L., M. Paridhavi and J.A. Patel, 2008. Review on nutritional, medicinal and pharmacological properties of papaya (Carica papaya Linn). Nat. Prod. Radiance, 7: 364-373.
Lyu, S.Y. and W.B. Park, 2005. Production of cytokine and NO by RAW 264.7 macrophages and PBMC in vitro incubation with flavonoids. Arch. Pharm. Res., 28: 573-581.
Miller, A.L., 1996. Antioxidant flavonoids: Structure, function and clinical usage. Altern. Med. Rev., 1: 103-111.
Muharlien, M. and V.A. Nurgiartiningsih, 2015. [The utilization papaya leaf waste in the form of flour and juice to increase performance production of Arab laying-hens]. Res. J. Life Sci., 2: 93-100.
Nwofia, G.E., P. Ojimelukwe and C. Eji, 2012. Chemical composition of leaves, fruit pulp and seeds in some Carica papaya (L.) morphotypes. Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants, 2: 200-206.
Pambudhi, W., 2003. [Raising red Arab laying-hens]. Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Pradana, A.R.A., M.S. Djati and M. Rifa'i, 2013. Mobilization of CD4+, CD8+ and B220+ on broiler chicken spleen with feed contained Polyscias obtusa post infection of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Exp. Life Sci., 3: 7-12.
Rifa'I, M., 2013. [Immunology and Alergy-Hypersensitive]. Universitas Brawijaya Press, Malang, Indonesia.
Robert, V., 2009. British Poultry Standards. 6th Edn., John Wiley and Sons, UK., ISBN: 9781444309386, Pages: 480.
Sashidhara, K.V., J.N. Rosaia, E. Tyagi, R. Shukla, R. Raghubir and S.M. Rajendran, 2009. Rare dipeptide and urea derivatives from roots of Moringa oleifera as potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44: 432-436.
Saxena, M., J. Saxena, R. Nema, D. Singh and A. Gupta, 2013. Phytochemistry of medicinal plants. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 1: 168-182.
Shanmugasundaram, R. and R.K. Selvaraj, 2011. Regulatory T cell properties of chicken CD4+ CD25+ cells. J. Immunol., 186: 1997-2002.
Seigler, D.S., G.F. Pauli, A. Nahrstedt and R. Leen, 2002. Cyanogenic allosides and glucosides from Passiflora edulis and Carica papaya. Phytochemistry, 60: 873-882.
SNI., 2006. [Laying laying-hens feed]. BSN (Badan Standarisasi Nasional), Indonesia.
Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie, 1991. Principle and Procedure Statistics. 2nd Edn., McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., Singapore.
USDHHS., 2003. Understanding the immune system how it work. Science Education, NIH Publication No. 03-5423. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health.
Yogiraj, V., P.K. Goyal, C.S. Chauhan, A. Goyal and B. Vyas, 2014. Carica papaya Linn.: An overview. Int. J. Herbal Med., 2: 1-8.
Zhu, J. and W.E. Paul, 2008. CD4 T cells: Fates, functions and faults. Blood, 112: 1557-1569.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
