Extracellular Amylase Activity of Amylolytic Bacteria Isolated from Quails (Coturnix japonica) Intestinal Tract in Corn Flour Medium
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2011.411.415Keywords:
Amylase, amylolytic bacteria, corn, quailAbstract
Amylolitic microorganisms have capability of producing amylase which is an important enzyme in industries such as paper, textile and food industries. These microorganisms are found as a normal intestinal microflora in poultry’s digestive tracts including quail (Coturnix japonica), especially with carbohydrates as a most nutrient in their ration. Corn becomes most important feed for quail because it has high energy related to its high amylum content. Amilolytic microorganisms in the digestive tract digest amylum by producing an extracellular enzyme (amylase) which breakdown amylum into simpler molecules facilitating for its absorbtion in the digestive tract. This research aimed to isolate amylolytic bacteria from quail’s digestive tract, to determine their growth and amylolytic activity in corn flour medium. Isolation was done by using Starch Agar medium, then amylolytic activity was indicated based on intensity of clear zone formation in the media and by amylase assay using DNS method in Starch Broth medium. Growth curve and amylase assay was carried out in 2% Corn Flour Broth medium. Data were subjected to analysis of Pearson correlation. The results showed that six isolates called as BAP1, BAP2, BAP3, BAP4, BAP5 and BAP6 were found. BAP6 isolate showed the widest clear zone formation in Starch Agar medium, highest amylase activity and non pathogenic characters. Thus, it was selected and used in further analysis. BAP6 isolate grew well in 2% Corn Flour Broth medium with the highest cell number, 2.2 x 108 CFU/ml at 24 h incubation and the highest amylase activity, 0.0201 Unit at 12 h incubation.
References
Ajayi, A.O. and O.E. Fagade, 2003. Utilization of corn starch as substrate for β-amylase by Bacillus spp. Afr. J. Biomed. Res., 6: 37-42.
Ajayi, A.O. and O.E. Fagade, 2006. Growth pattern and structural nature of amylases produced by some Bacillus species in starchy substrates. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 5: 440-444.
Bailey, M.J., P. Biely and K. Poutanen, 1992. Interlaboratory testing of methods for assay of xylanase activity. J. Biotechnol., 23: 257-270.
Brown, S., 2007. Two implications of common models of microbial growth. Enzyme J., 49 : 230-232.
Campogarrido, R., C.G. Hernandez, V. Sivanandan and M.E. Vazquez, 2003. Pathogen for bacterial poultry disease. United States Patent. Patent No. US7521060B2.
Ekunsaumi, T., 2002. Laboratory Production and Assay of Amylase by Fungi and Bacteria. Bio-Link Organization.
Ikram-Ul-Haq, S. Ali, A. Saleem and M.M. Javed, 2009. Mutagenesis of Bacillus licheniformis through ethyl methane sulfonate for alpha amylase production. Pak. J. Bot., 41: 1489-1498.
Nibedita, K. and K. Ghosh, 2008. Enzyme producing bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Channa punctatus (Bloch). Turk. J. Fish. Aquatic Sci., 8: 115-120.
Linardakis, N.M., 1998. Microbiology and Immunology. 2nd Edn., McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Singapore..
Mannervik, B., A. Runarsdottir and S. Kurtovic, 2009. Multi-substrate activity space and quasi-speciesin in enzyme evolution: Ohnos dilemma, promiscuity and functional orthogonality. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 37: 740-744.
Melliawati, R., Rohmatussolihat and F. Octavina, 2006. Seleksi mikroorganisme potensial untuk fermentasi pati sagu. Biodiversitas, 7: 101-104.
Mishra, S. and N. Behera, 2008. Amylase activity of a starch degrading bacteria isolated from soil receiving kitchen wastes. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7: 3326-33331.
Mohney, K., 2006. Synchronization of carbohydrate and protein metabolism by ruminal microbes in continuous culture. M.S. Thesis, Department of Animal Sciences, Kansas State University's College.
Murthy, T.R.G.K., N. Dorairajan, G.A. Balasubramaniam, A.M. Dinakaran and K. Saravanabava, 2008. Pathogenic bacteria related to respiratory diseases in poultry with reference to Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isola ted in India. Veterinarski Arhiv, 2: 131-140.
Omemu, A.M., I. Akpan, M.O. Bankole and O.D. Teniola, 2005. Hydrolysis of raw tuber starches by amylase of Aspergillus niger AM07 isolated from the soil. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 4: 19-25.
Qader, S.A.U., S. Bano, A. Aman, N. Syed and A. Azhar, 2006. Enhanced production and extracellular activity of commercially important amylolytic enzyme by a newly isolated strain of Bacillus sp. AS-1. Turk. J. Biochem., 31: 135-140.
Ray, B., 2001. Fundamental Food Microbiology. 2nd Edn., CRC Press, London, pp: 228-233.
Reyed, R.M., 2007. Biosynthesis and properties of extracellular amylase by encapsulation Bifidobacterium bifidum in batch culture. Aust. J. Basic Applied Sci., 1: 7-14.
Suhartono, M.T., 1989. Enzim dan Bioteknologi. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi IPB. Bogor.
Todar, K., 2000. Physical and environmental requirements for growth. University of Wisconins-Madison.
Van Dyke Laboratorium, 2008. Bacterial glycerol stocks. University of North Carolina, USA.
Yap, K.L., A. Hamid, A. Aziz, M. Salleh and M. Yasin, 1999. Mikrobiologi Makmal. CRC Press LLC., New York, USA.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
