An F-Strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum Inoculation at Twelve Weeks of Age Does Not Modify the Effects of Fasting During Lay on the Blood Characteristics of Commercial Egg Laying Hens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2012.611.615Keywords:
Blood, fasting, lipid, layer, Mycoplasma gallisepticumAbstract
The interactive effects of an F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) inoculation at 12 wk of age with those of a 24 h fast during lay on the BW, mortality, egg production and blood characteristics of commercial egg laying hens at 34 and 46 wk of age were investigated. Blood parameters measured were whole blood hematocrit; plasma protein concentration (PP); serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and calcium concentrations; and percentage serum cholesterol recovered in very low, low and high density lipoprotein fractions. There were no interactive effects involving FMG inoculation and fasting (inoculation x fasting or age x inoculation x fasting) on any of the parameters investigated. These results suggest that a pre-lay (12 wk of age) FMG inoculation does not influence the effects of a 24 h fast during lay (34 and 46 wk of age) on the performance and blood characteristics of commercial layers.
References
Barron, L.G., R.L. Walzem and R.J. Hansen, 1999. Plasma lipoprotein changes in hens (Gallus domesticus) during an induced molt. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B: Biochem. Mol. Biol., 123: 9-16.
Branton, S.L. and J.D. Simmons, 1992. Design of a poultry disease isolation facility with programmable environmental control. Appl. Eng. Agric. 8: 695-699.
Burley, R.W. and D.V. Vadehra, 1989. The Macroscopic Structure, Physical Properties and Chemical Composition of Avian Eggs. In: The Avian Egg Chemistry and Biology, Burley, R.W. and D.V. Vadehra (Eds.). Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York, pp: 1-17.
Burnham, M.R., S.L. Branton, E.D. Peebles, B.D. Lott and P.D. Gerard, 2002. Effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at twelve weeks of age on performance and egg characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens. Poult. Sci., 81: 1478-1485.
Burnham, M.R., E.D. Peebles, S.L. Branton, M.S. Jones and P.D. Gerard, 2003. Effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculated at twelve weeks of age on the blood characteristics of commercial egg laying hens. Poult. Sci., 82: 1397-1402.
Burnham, M.R., E.D. Peebles, S.L. Branton, D.V. Maurice and P.D. Gerard, 2003. Effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at twelve weeks of age on egg yolk composition in commercial egg laying hens. Poult. Sci., 82: 577-584.
Burnham, M.R., E.D. Peebles, S.L. Branton, R.L. Walzem and P.D. Gerard, 2003. Effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation on serum very low density lipoprotein diameter and fractionation of cholesterol among lipoproteins in commercial egg-laying hens. Poult. Sci., 82: 1630-1636.
Chamblee, T.N., G.W. Morgan and C.D. Shultz, 1982. Effects of short-term fasting on physiological parameters in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 61: 1372-1372.
Dashti, N., J.L. Kelley, R.H. Thayer and J.A. Ontko, 1983. Concurrent inductions of avian hepatic lipogenesis, plasma lipids and plasma apolipoprotein B by estrogen. J. Lipid Res., 24: 368-380.
Davison, T.F., B.M. Freeman and J. Rea, 1985. Effects of continuous treatment with synthetic ACTH1-24 or corticosterone on immature Gallus domesticus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 59: 416-423.
Freund, R.J. and W.J. Wilson, 1997. Statistical Methods. Academic Press, San Diego, CA., USA.
Frey, M.L., R.P. Hanson and D.P. Andrson, 1968. A medium for the isolation of avian mycoplasmas. Am. J. Vet. Res., 29: 2163-2171.
German, J.B., R. Xu, R. Walzem, J.E. Kinsella, B. Knuckles, M. Nakamura and W.H. Yokoyama, 1996. Effect of dietary fats and barley fiber on total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol distribution in plasma of hamsters. Nutr. Res., 16: 1239-1249.
Guyton, A.C. and J.E. Hall, 1996. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 9th Edn., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA., USA.
Heald, P.J. and H.G. Badman, 1963. Lipid metabolism and the laying hen. I. Plasma-free fatty acids and the onset of laying in the domestic fowl. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 70: 381-388.
Latour, M.A., S.A. Laiche, J.R. Thompson, A.L. Pond and E.D. Peebles, 1996. Continuous infusion of adrenocorticotropin elevates circulating lipoprotein cholesterol and corticosterone concentrations in chickens. Poult. Sci., 75: 1428-1432.
McMartin, D.A., M.I. Khan, T.B. Farver and G. Christie, 1987. Delineation of the lateral spread of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. Avian Dis., 31: 814-819.
NPIP, 1995. National poultry improvement plan and auxiliary provisions. Code of Federal Regulations (9CFR) USDA-APHIS-VS, Conyers, GA., USA.
National Research Council, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Nimpf, J. and W.J. Schneider, 1991. Receptor-mediated lipoprotein transport in laying hens. J. Nutr., 121: 1471-1474.
Nunoya, T., T. Yagihashi, M. Tajima and Y. Nagasawa, 1995. Occurrence of keratoconjunctivitis apparently caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum in layer chickens. Vet. Pathol., 32: 11-18.
Peebles, E.D., M.R. Burnham, R.L. Walzem, R.L. Branton and P.D. Gerard, 2004. Effects of fasting on serum lipids and lipoprotein profiles in the egg-laying hen (Gallus domesticus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A: Mol. Integr. Physiol., 138: 305-311.
Petersen, R.G., 1985. Design and Analysis of Experiments. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York,.
Sahu, S.P. and N.O. Olson, 1976. Use of the agar-gel precipitin test to evaluate broiler breeder and commercial layer flocks for Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. Avian Dis., 20: 563-573.
SAS., 2008. SAS Proprietary Software, Release 9.2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC., USA.
Schneider, W.J., 1996. Vitellogenin receptors: Oocyte-specific members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor supergene family. Int. Rev. Cytol., 166: 103-137.
Soeripto, K.G. Whithear, G.S. Cottew and K.E. Harrigan, 1989. Virulence and transmissibility of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Aust. Vet. J., 66: 65-72.
Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie, 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, USA., Pages: 633.
Walzem, R.L., P.A. Davis and R.J. Hansen, 1994. Overfeeding increases very low density lipoprotein diameter and causes the appearance of a unique lipoprotein particle in association with failed yolk deposition. J. Lipid Res., 35: 1354-1366.
Walzem, R.L., R.J. Hansen, D.L. Williams and R.L. Hamilton, 1999. Estrogen induction of VLDLy assembly in egg-laying hens. J. Nutr., 129: 467S-472S.
Yoder Jr, H.W., 1986. A historical account of the diagnosis and characterization of strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence. Avian Dis., 30: 510-518.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.