Research Article Open Access

Corn-Expressed Phytase Influence on Broiler Growth Performance

Authors

S. Majeed
Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
|
B. Nusairat
Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar Ramtha 3030, Irbid, Jordan
|
D. Joardar
Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
|
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
R.I. Qudsieh
Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
|
F. Edens
Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
|
J. Broomhead
Agrivida Inc, 78E Olympia Ave, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
|
M. Lanahan
Agrivida Inc, 78E Olympia Ave, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
|
J. Brake
Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
Published on: June 15, 2020
DOI 10.3923/ijps.2020.330.337
PDF

Abstract

Background and Objective: Formulating a balanced diet that would provide the required nutrients is very important for achieving optimal broiler growth. This study was conducted to determine the optimal calcium to available phosphorus ratio (Ca:AvPi) for feed with or without corn-expressed phytase (CEP) addition. Materials and Methods: A 35d trial was conducted to determine growth performance, effects of either decreasing Ca:AvPi ratio as bird ages, without CEP, or increasing Ca matrix credit when feeding CEP. A total of 1152 one-day-old male broilers were assigned to 6 dietary treatments (Diets A to F) with 16 birds per pen and 12 replicate pens per treatment. Diets A and B didn’t contain CEP and had 0.5 and 0.45% AvPi in the starter (0-15 day) and grower (16-35 day) feeds, respectively. Diet A had a decreasing Ca:AvPi from 2:1 in starter to 1.85:1 in grower, whereas Ca:AvPi of diet B was constant at 2:1 for both phases. Remaining diets contained 3000 FTU kg–1 of CEP. Diet C contained CEP added on top. Diets D to F had 0.12% lower AvPi while Ca was reduced by 0.11, 0.15 or 0.17%, respectively. Results: No differences in growth performance (p>0.05) were observed between birds fed diets A or B. In general, birds fed CEP had higher early (0-15 and 16-28 day) and overall body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) compared to those fed diet A or B (p<0.05). Overall (0-35 day) feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved for all CEP-supplemented diets compared to Diet A. Assigning different Ca matrix values among CEP treatments had no effect (p>0.05) on growth performance of broilers. Overall FCRs (0-35 day) with all CEP-supplemented diets were better than that of the unsupplemented diet A. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that adding CEP improved growth performance and reducing Ca:AvPi ratio as the bird aged did not affect performance for diets without CEP. In addition, with a 0.12% AvPi matrix value, adjusting Ca matrix values between 0.11 and 0.17% did not have a large effect on animal performance when diets included 3000 FTU kg–1 CEP.

Keywords:

Broiler, calcium, corn-expressed phytase, nutrition, phosphorus

Article Metrics

153 Abstract Views
99 File Views
0 Downloads

License

Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article Citation Metrics

Find Corn-Expressed Phytase Influence on Broiler Growth Performance on PlumX

How to Cite

Majeed, S., Nusairat, B., Joardar, D., Qudsieh , R., Edens, F., Broomhead, J., Lanahan, M., & Brake, J. (2020). Corn-Expressed Phytase Influence on Broiler Growth Performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 19(7), 330–337. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2020.330.337
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

1.
Kebreab, E. and D.M.S.S. Vitti, 2005. Mineral metabolism. In: Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism, Dijkstra, J., J.M. Forbes, and J. France, (Eds.). CAB International, Canada, pp: 469-486.
2.
Adedokun, S.A. and O. Adeola, 2013. Calcium and phosphorus digestibility: Metabolic limits. J. Applied Poult. Res., 22: 600-608.
3.
Angel, R., T.J. Tamim, A.S. Dhandu and L.E. Ellestad, 2002. Phytic acid chemistry: Influence on phytin-phosphorus availability and phytase efficacy. J. Applied Poult. Res., 11: 471-480.
4.
Coelho, M.B. and E.T. Kornegay, 1996. Phytase in animal nutrition and waste management : a BASF reference manual. 2nd Edn., BASF Corp., Mount Olive, New Jercy, USA Pages: 728.
5.
Biehl, R.R. and D.H. Baker, 1997. Microbial phytase improves amino acid utilization in young chicks fed diets based on soybean meal but not diets based on peanut meal. Poult. Sci., 76: 355-360.
6.
Farrell, D.J. and E. Martin, 1993. Feed enzymes in poultry nutrition : recent advances. Proceeding of Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition, 1993 Livestock Library, 266-276.
7.
Yi, Z., E.T. Kornegay and D.M. Denbow, 1996. Effect of microbial phytase on nitrogen and amino acid digestibility and nitrogen retention of turkey poults fed corn-soybean meal diets. Poult. Sci., 75: 979-990.
8.
Waldroup, P.W., J.H. Kersey, E.A. Saleh, C.A. Fritts and F. Yan et al., 2000. Nonphytate phosphorus requirement and phosphorus excretion of broiler chicks fed diets composed of normal or high available phosphate corn with and without microbial phytase. Poult. Sci., 79: 1451-1459.
9.
Correll, D.L., 1998. The role of phosphorus in the eutrophication of receiving waters: A review. J. Environ. Qual., 27: 261-266.
10.
Lu, L., J. Guo, S. Li, A. Li, L. Zhang, Z. Liu and X. Luo, 2015. Influence of Phytase Transgenic Corn on the Intestinal Microflora and the Fate of Transgenic DNA and Protein in Digesta and Tissues of Broilers. PLoS ONE.
11.
Gao, C.Q., C. Ji, L.H. Zhao, J.Y. Zhang and Q.G. Ma, 2013. Phytase transgenic corn in nutrition of laying hens: Residual phytase activity and phytate phosphorus content in the gastrointestinal tract. Poult. Sci., 92: 2923-2929.
12.
T.C. Taylor, 2005. The availability of the calcium and phosphorus of plant materials for animals. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 24: 105-112.
13.
FASS, 2010. Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching. 3rd Edn., Federation of Animal Science Societies, Champaign, Illinois, ISBN: 9781884706110, Pages: 169.
14.
NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 9780309048927, Pages: 176.
15.
AOAC, 2006. Official methods of analysis Proximate Analysis and Calculations Crude Fat (CF) - item 17. 17th Edn., Association of Analytical Communities, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
16.
AOAC, 2006. Official methods of analysis Proximate Analysis and Calculations Total Nitrogen or Crude Protein (CP) - item 76. 17th Edn., Association of Analytical Communities, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
17.
AOAC, 2006. Official methods of analysis Proximate Analysis and Calculations Crude Fiber (CFiber) - item 4. 17th Edn., Association of Analytical Communities, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
18.
AOAC, 2006. Official methods of analysis Proximate Analysis and Calculations Ash Determination (Ash) - item 51. 17th Edn., Association of Analytical Communities, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
19.
Kershaw, K.A., 1964. Quantitative and Dynamic Ecology. Edward Arnold, Londan.
20.
ASABE., 2008. Method of determining and expressing fineness of feed materials by sieving. ANSI/ASAE S319.4. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Standards.
21.
SAS., 2017. SAS user’s guide, statistical. Version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
22.
Broz, J., 1992. Effects of supplemental phytase on performance and phosphorus utilization in broiler chickens reared until market weight. Proceedings of 19th World's Poultry Congress, 19-24 September 1992, 435-437.
23.
Cowieson, A.J. and O. Adeola, 2005. Carbohydrases, protease and phytase have an additive beneficial effect in nutritionally marginal diets for broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 84: 1860-1867.
24.
Nelson, T.S., T.R. Shieh, R.J. Wodzinski and J.H. Ware, 1971. Effect of supplemental phytase on the utilization of phytate phosphorus by chicks. J. Nutr., 101: 1289-1293.
25.
Sebastian, S., S.P. Touchburn, E.R. Chavez and P.C. Lague, 1996. The effects of supplemental microbial phytase on the performance and utilization of dietary calcium, phosphorus, copper and zinc in broiler chickens fed a corn-soybean diets. Poult. Sci., 75: 729-736.
26.
Simons, P.C.M., H.A.J. Versteegh, A.W. Jongbloed, P.A. Kemme and P. Slump et al., 1990. Improvement of phosphorus availability by microbial phytase in broilers and pigs. Br. J. Nutr., 64: 525-540.
27.
Dos Santos, T.T., S. Srinongkote, M. R. Bedford, C. L. Walk, 2013. Effect of high phytase inclusion rates on performance of broilers fed diets not severely limited in available phosphorus. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 26: 227-232.
28.
Campasino, A., T. York, C. Wyatt, M.R. Bedford and W.A. Dozier, 2014. Effect of increasing supplemental phytase concentration in diets fed to Hubbard × Cobb 500 male broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. J. Applied Poult. Res., 23: 705-714.
29.
Pieniazek, J., K.A. Smith, M.P. Williams, M.K. Manangi and M. Vazquez-Anon et al., 2016. Evaluation of increasing levels of a microbial phytase in phosphorus deficient broiler diets via live broiler performance, tibia bone ash, apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility. Poult. Sci., 96: 370-382.
30.
Cabahug, S., V. Ravindran, P.H. Selle and W.L. Bryden, 1999. Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorus contents. I. Effects on bird performance and toe ash. Br. Poult. Sci., 40: 660-666.
31.
E. Humer, C. Schwarz and K. Schedle, 2014. Phytate in pig and poultry nutrition. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 99: 605-625.
32.
Woyengo, T.A. and C.M. Nyachoti, 2012. Review: Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry-current knowledge and directions for future research. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 93: 9-21.
33.
Choct, M., Y. Dersjant-Li, J. McLeish and M. Peisker, 2010. Soy oligosaccharides and soluble non-starch polysaccharides: A review of digestion, nutritive and anti-nutritive effects in pigs and poultry. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 23: 1386-1398.
34.
Kunckles, B.E., D.D. Kuzmicky, M.R. Gumbmann and A.A. Betschart, 2006. Effect of myoinositol phosphate esters on in Vitro and in vivo digestion of protein. J. Food Sci., 54: 1348-1350.
35.
Liu, N., Y.J. Ru, F.D. Li, J.P. Wang and X.Q. Lei, 2009. Effect of dietary phytate and phytase on proteolytic digestion and growth regulation of broilers. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 63: 292-303.
36.
Bahadoran, R., A. Gheisari and M. Toghyani, 2011. Effects of supplemental microbial phytase enzyme on performance and phytate phosphorus digestibility of a corn-wheat-soybean meal diet in broiler chicks. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10: 6655-6662.
37.
Onyango, E.M., M.R. Bedford and O. Adeola, 2005. Efficacy of an evolved Escherichia coli phytase in diets of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 84: 248-255.
38.
Rosen, G., 2003. Microbial Phytase in Broiler Nutrition. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition, Garnsworthy, P.C. and J. Wiseman (Eds.). Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK., pp: 105-117.
39.
Wise, A., 1983. Dietary factors determining the biological activities of phytate. Nutr. Abst. Rev. Clin. Nutr., 53: 791-806.
40.
McCuaig, L.W., M.I. Davies and I. Motzok, 1972. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase and phytase of chicks: Effect of dietary magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and thyroactive casein. Poult. Sci., 51: 526-530.
41.
Shafey, T.M. and M.W. McDonald, 1991. The effects of dietary calcium, phosphorus and protein on the performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 70: 548-553.
42.
Cortina, M. and A. San Gabriel, 1972. Exceso de carbonato calcico en aves en crecimiento. An. Inst. Nac. Invest. Agrar., Ser. Prod. Anim.
43.
Ougra, Y., 1981. Leg abnormality associated with dietary excessive calcium carbonate in broiler chicks. National Inst. Anim. Health Q., 21: 141-147.
44.
Siller, W., 1981. Renal pathology of the fowl: A review. Avain Pathol, 10: 187-262.
45.
Cobb, 2018. Cobb500 broiler performance and nutrition supplement. Cobb500™
46.
Aviagen, 2014. ROSS 308 broiler: Nutrition specifications. http://en.aviagen.com/assets/Tech_Center/Ross_Broiler/Ross308BroilerNutritionSpecs2014-EN.pdf.
47.
Driver, J.P., G.M. Pesti, R.I. Bakalli and H.M. Edwards Jr., 2005. Calcium requirements of the modern broiler chicken as influenced by dietary protein and age. Poult. Sci., 84: 1629-1639.