Research Article Open Access

Interactive Effects of Light-Sources, Photoperiod and Strain on Blood Physiological Variables of Broilers Grown to Heavy Weight

Authors

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
H.A. Olanrewaju
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Starkville, Mississippi State 39762-5367, USA
|
J.L. Purswell
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Starkville, Mississippi State 39762-5367, USA
|
S.D. Collier
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Starkville, Mississippi State 39762-5367, USA
|
S.L. Branton
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Starkville, Mississippi State 39762-5367, USA
Published on: January 15, 2020
DOI 10.3923/ijps.2020.86.96
PDF

Abstract

Objective: Effects of light sources, photoperiods and strains on blood physiological variables of broilers grown to heavy weights (>3 kg) were investigated in 2 trials. Materials and Methods: The experimental design was a 4×2×2 factorial consisting of 4 light sources [incandescent (ICD, standard), compact fluorescent (CFL), neutral LED (Neutral-LED) and cool poultry specific LED (Cool-PS-LED)], 2 photoperiods (Regular/intermittent [2L:2D] and Short [8L:16D] and 2 strains (A, B). In each trial, 480 (240 males/240 females) 1-d-old chicks of each strain from different commercial hatcheries were equally and randomly distributed into 16 environmental-control rooms (30 males +30 females/room) at 50% RH. Each room was randomly assigned one of 16 treatments from 1-56 days of age. Birds were provided similar diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Venous blood samples were collected on d 14, 28, 42 and 56 of age and analyzed immediately. Results: Light sources had significant (p<0.05) effects on BW, electrolytes, pCO2, angap, T3 and T4 in comparison with birds reared under ICD. Short photoperiod significantly (p<0.05) reduced BW, pH, pO2, SaO2, electrolytes, Osmo and T3, along with significantly (p<0.05) increased pCO2, Hb, Hct and McHc compared with regular intermittent photoperiod. Acid-base regulation during the short photoperiod exposure had not deteriorated despite higher pCO2 that consequently decreased blood pH due to a respiratory acidosis. Also, Strain B had significantly (p<0.05) increased BW, pCO2, HCO3-, McHc, electrolytes, angap, Osmo and T3, along with significantly (p<0.05) reduced pH level, pO2, SaO2, Hb, Hct and T4 in comparison with Strain A. All these changes were within broilers normal acid-base homeostasis ranges. Plasma corticosterone and blood glucose concentrations were not affected by treatments, indicating an absence of physiological stress. Conclusion: The results indicating that the 3 light sources evaluated along with a regular/intermittent photoperiod in commercial poultry facilities would reduce energy costs and optimize production without compromising the welfare of broilers grown to heavy weights.

Keywords:

Acid-base-balance, broiler, light-source, photoperiod, strains

Article Metrics

345 Abstract Views
127 File Views
0 Downloads

License

Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article Citation Metrics

Find Interactive Effects of Light-Sources, Photoperiod and Strain on Blood Physiological Variables of Broilers Grown to Heavy Weight on PlumX

How to Cite

Olanrewaju , H., Purswell, J., Collier, S., & Branton, S. (2020). Interactive Effects of Light-Sources, Photoperiod and Strain on Blood Physiological Variables of Broilers Grown to Heavy Weight. International Journal of Poultry Science, 19(2), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2020.86.96
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

1.
Zheng, L., Y.E. Ma, L.Y. Gu, D. Yuan, M.L. Shi, X.Y. Guo and X.A. Zhan, 2013. Growth performance, antioxidant status, and nonspecific immunity in broilers under different lighting regimens. J. Applied Poult. Res., 22: 798-807.
2.
Parvin, R., M.M.H. Mushtaq, M.J. Kim and H.C. Choi, 2014. Light emitting diode (LED) as a source of monochromatic light: a novel lighting approach for behaviour, physiology and welfare of poultry. World's Poult. Sci. J., 70: 543-556.
3.
Yang, Y., Y. Yu, J. Pan, Y. Ying and H. Zhou, 2016. A new method to manipulate broiler chicken growth and metabolism: Response to mixed LED light system. Scient. Rep., Vol. 6.
4.
Caspari, C., E. Oliver, J. Nganga and M. Ricci, 2010. The poultry and egg sectors: Evaluation of the current market situation and future prospects. Report No. IP/B/agri/IC/2009-045, April 2010. European Parliament’s Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development, Brussels.
5.
Center for Food Integrity, 2011. Consumer trust research. http://www.foodintegrity.org/research/consumer-trust-research/
6.
Petracci, M., S. Mudalal, F. Soglia and C. Cavani, 2015. Meat quality in fast-growing broiler chickens. World's Poult. Sci. J., 71: 363-374.
7.
Mulder, N.D., 2011. Crossroads for Growth: The International Poultry Sector Towards 2020. Rabobank, Utrecht, Netherlands.
8.
Olanrewaju, H.A., S.D. Collier, J.L. Purswell and S.L. Branton, 2019. Effects of light-sources and photoperiod on hemato-physiological indices of broilers grown to heavy weights. Poult. Sci., 98: 1075-1082.
9.
FASS., 2010. Guide for the Care and use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching. 3rd Edn., FASS., Champaign, Illinois, pp: 169.
10.
Olanrewaju, H.A., W.W. Miller, W.R. Maslin, S.D. Collier, J.L. Purswell and S.L. Branton, 2019. Interactive effects of light-sources, photoperiod and strains on growth performance, carcass characteristics and health indices of broilers grown to heavy weights. Poult. Sci., 98: 6232-6240.
11.
NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 9780309048927, Pages: 176.
12.
Olanrewaju, H.A., J.L. Purswell, S.D. Collier and S.L. Branton, 2016. Effects of light sources and intensity on broilers grown to heavy weights: hematophysiological and biochemical assessment. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 15: 384-393.
13.
SAS., 2013. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 9.4. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
14.
Olanrewaju, H.A., J.L. Purswell, S.D. Collier and S.L. Branton, 2015. Effects of color temperatures (Kelvin) of LED bulbs on blood physiological variables of broilers grown to heavy Poult. Sci., 94: 1721-1728.
15.
Olanrewaju, H.A., J.L. Purswell, S.D. Collier and S.L. Branton, 2016. Interactive effects of ambient temperature and light sources at high relative humidity on growth performance and blood physiological variables in broilers grown to 42 day of age. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 15: 394-400.
16.
Olanrewaju, H.A., J.P. Thaxton, W.A. Dozier III, J. Purswell, S.D. Collier and S.L. Branton, 2008. Interactive effects of ammonia and light intensity on hematochemical variables in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 87: 1407-1414.
17.
Olanrewaju, H.A., J.L. Purswell, S.D. Collier and S.L. Branton, 2010. Effect of ambient temperature and light intensity on physiological reactions of heavy broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 89: 2668-2677.
18.
Arowolo, M.A., J.H. He, S.P. He and T.O. Adebowale, 2019. The implication of lighting programmes in intensive broiler production system. World’s Poult. Sci. J., 75: 17-28.
19.
Burggren, W.W., J.F. Santin and M.R. Antich, 2016. Cardio-respiratory development in bird embryos: new insights from a venerable animal model. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 45: 709-728.
20.
Tcherkez, G., R. Bligny, E. Gout, A. Mahé, M. Hodges and G. Cornic, 2008. Respiratory metabolism of illuminated leaves depends on CO2 and O2 conditions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 105: 797-802.
21.
Wideman, R.F., M.R. Fedde, C.D. Tackett and G.E. Weigle, 2000. Cardio-pulmonary function in preascitic (hypoxemic) or normal broilers inhaling ambient air or 100% oxygen. Poult. Sci., 79: 415-425.
22.
Hsia, C.C.W., D.M. Hyde and E.R. Weible, 2016. Lung structure and the intrinsic challenges of gas exchange. Compr. Physiol., 6: 827-895.
23.
Prakash, E.S. and T. Madanmohan, 2006. What does one mean by arterial blood oxygenation? Adv. Physiol. Educ., 30: 46-47.
24.
Konarzewski, M., A. Gavin, R. McDevitt and I.R. Wallis, 2000. Metabolic and organ mass responses to selection for high growth rates in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus). Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 73: 237-248.
25.
Baghbanzadeh, A. and E. Decuypere, 2008. Ascites syndrome in broilers: Physiological and nutritional perspectives. Avian Pathol., 37: 117-126.
26.
Speakman, J.R., 2005. Body size, energy metabolism and lifespan. J. Exp. Biol., 208: 1717-1730.
27.
Terzano, C., F. di Stefano, V. Conti, M. di Nicola, G. Paone, A. Petroianni and A. Ricci, 2012. Mixed acid-base disorders, hydroelectrolyte imbalance and lactate production in hypercapnic respiratory failure: The role of noninvasive ventilation. PloS One, Vol. 7.
28.
Khanna, A. and N.A. Kurtzman, 2001. Metabolic alkalosis. Respir Care, 46: 354-365.
29.
Freda, B.J., M.B. Davidson and P.M. Hall, 2004. Evaluation of hyponatremia: A little physiology goes a long way. Cleve Clin. J. Med., 71: 639-650.
30.
Luger, D., D. Shinder, V. Rzepakovsky, M. Rusal and S. Yahav, 2001. Association between weight gain, blood parameters and thyroid hormones and the development of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 80: 965-971.
31.
McNabb, F.M.A., 2000. Thyroids. In: Sturkie's Avian Physiology, 5th Edn., Whittow, G.C. (Ed.)., Academic Press, San Diego, CA., pp: 461-471.
32.
Kim, J.W., 2010. The endocrine regulation of chicken growth. Asian-Austr. J. Anim. Sci., 23: 1668-1676.
33.
Puvadolpirod, S. and J.P. Thaxton, 2000. Model of physiological stress in chickens 4. Digestion and metabolism. Poult. Sci., 79: 383-390.
34.
Olanrewaju, H.A., S. Wongpichet, J.P. Thaxton, W.A. Dozier III and S.L. Branton, 2006. Stress and acid-base balance in chickens. Poult. Sci., 85: 1266-1274.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 > >>