Research Article Open Access

Polymorphism of the Major Histocompatibility Complex and Genetic Structure of Southern African Village Chicken Populations

Authors

K.T. Ncube
Agricultural Research Council, Biotechnology Platform, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort-0110, South Africa
|
P.J. Jooste
Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X176, Pretoria-0001, South Africa
|
P. Soma
Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene-0062, South Africa
|
E.F. Dzomba
Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville-3209, South Africa
|
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
F.C. Muchadeyi
Agricultural Research Council, Biotechnology Platform, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort-0110, South Africa
Published on: May 15, 2014
DOI 10.3923/ijps.2014.357.363
PDF

Abstract

The chicken Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a cluster of 19 genes spanning 92 kb on chromosome 16 and plays an important role in immune response. It is highly polymorphic and has been used to study adaptive genetic diversity in chickens. LEI0258 micro satellite marker that is on the BF region of the MHC and was used to investigate adaptive genetic diversity and population structures of village chickens from South Africa (n = 77), Zimbabwe (n = 60) and Malawi (n = 30). These village chickens are raised under scavenging production systems that are characterized by frequent exposure to diseases pathogens as well as fluctuations in feed supplies. The number of alleles, allele frequency and heterozygosity levels were used to measure diversity within populations whilst the Wright’s fixation indices were used to analyze the level of population sub-structuring. A total of 22 alleles ranging from 188-448 bp were observed. Number of alleles averaged 12 per population. Allele frequency ranged from 1.6-37.5% and HO averaged 0.5. Wright’s F statistics indicated high level of within population variability and absence of population sub-structuring amongst the South African, Malawian and Zimbabwean chickens. It was therefore concluded that LEI0258 is highly polymorphic and could be a useful marker for Southern African village chicken populations.

Keywords:

Genetic adaptation, genetic polymorphism, MHC, population structure, village chickens

Article Metrics

127 Abstract Views
114 File Views
0 Downloads

License

Copyright (c) 2014 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article Citation Metrics

Find Polymorphism of the Major Histocompatibility Complex and Genetic Structure of Southern African Village Chicken Populations on PlumX

How to Cite

Ncube, K., Jooste, P., Soma, P., Dzomba, E., & Muchadeyi , F. (2014). Polymorphism of the Major Histocompatibility Complex and Genetic Structure of Southern African Village Chicken Populations. International Journal of Poultry Science, 13(6), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2014.357.363
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

1.
Ahlers, C., R. Alders, B. Bagnol, A.B. Cambaza and M. Harun et al., 2009. Improving Village Chicken Production: A Manual for Field Workers and Trainers. ACIAR, Australia, ISBN-13: 9781921531576, Pages: 194.
2.
Boonyanuwat, K., S. Thummabutra, N. Sookmanee, V. Vatchavalkhu and V. Siripholvat, 2006. Influences of major histocompatibility complex class I haplotypes on avian influenza virus disease traits in Thai indigenous chickens. Anim. Sci. J., 77: 285-289.
3.
Chazara, O., C.S. Chang, N. Bruneau, K. Benabdeljelil and J.C. Fotsa et al., 2013. Diversity and evolution of the highly polymorphic tandem repeat LEI0258 in the chicken MHC-B region. Immunogenetics, 65: 447-459.
4.
Fulton, J.E., H.R. Juul-Madsen, C.M. Ashwell, A.M. McCarron, J.A. Arthur, N.P. O'Sullivan and R.L. Taylor Jr., 2006. Molecular genotype identification of the Gallus gallus major histocompatibility complex. Immunogenetics, 58: 407-421.
5.
Izadi, F., C. Ritland and K.M. Cheng, 2011. Genetic diversity of the major histocompatibility complex region in and noncommercial chicken flocks using the LEI0258 microsatellite marker. Poult. Sci., 90: 2711-2717.
6.
Janmaat, A. and R. Morton, 2010. Infectious diseases of poultry. Biosecurity and Product Integrity, Agnote No: K1, June 2010. http://www.nt.gov.au/d/Content/File/p/Anim_Dis/668.pdf.
7.
Johnson, J.A., M.R. Bellinger, J.E. Toepfer and P. Dunn, 2004. Temporal changes in allele frequencies and low effective population size in greater prairie-chickens. Mol. Ecol., 13: 2617-2630.
8.
Kaufman, J., S. Milne, T.W.F. Gobel, B.A. Walker and J.P. Jacob et al., 1999. The chicken B locus is a minimal essential major histocompatibility complex. Lett. Nat., 401: 923-925.
9.
Kitalyi, A.J., 1998. Village Chicken Production Systems in Rural Africa Household Food Security and Gender Issues. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, ISBN-13: 9789251041604, Pages: 81.
10.
Kuhnlein, U., L. Ni, D. Zadworny and W. Fairfull, 1997. DNA polymorphisms in the chicken growth hormone gene: Response to selection for disease resistance and association with egg production. Anim. Genet., 28: 116-123.
11.
Lamont, S.J., 1998. Impact of genetics on disease resistance. Poult. Sci., 77: 1111-1118.
12.
Leveque, G., V. Forgetta, S. Morroll, A.L. Smith and N. Bumstead et al., 2003. Allelic variation in TLR4 is linked to susceptibility to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in chickens. Infect. Immunity, 71: 1116-1124.
13.
Livant, E.J. and S.J. Ewald, 2005. High-resolution typing for chicken BF2 (MHC class I) alleles by automated sequencing. Anim. Genet., 36: 432-434.
14.
Lwelamira, J., G.C. Kifaro, P.S. Gwakisa and P.L.M. Msoffe, 2008. Association of LEI0258 microsatellite alleles with antibody response against Newcastle disease virus vaccine and body weight in two Tanzania chicken ecotypes. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7: 714-720.
15.
Moreki, J.C., B. Poroga and R. Dikeme, 2011. Strengthening HIV/AIDS food security mitigation mechanisms through village poultry. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 23.
16.
Mtileni, B.J., F.C. Muchadeyi, A. Maiwashe, E. Groeneveld, L.F. Groeneveld, K. Dzama and S. Weigend, 2011. Genetic diversity and conservation of South African indigenous chicken populations. J. Anim. Breed Genet., 128: 209-218.
17.
Muchadeyi, F.C., H. Eding, C.B.A. Wollny, E. Groeneveld and S.M. Makuza et al., 2007. Absence of population substructuring in Zimbabwe chicken ecotypes inferred using microsatellite analysis. Anim. Genet., 38: 332-339.
18.
Muhammad, G., A. Naureen, S. Firyal and M. Saqib, 2008. Tick control strategies in dairy production medicine. Pak. Vet. J., 28: 43-50.
19.
Nikbakht, G., A. Esmailnejad and N. Barjesteh, 2013. LEI0258 microsatellite variability in Khorasan, Marandi and Arian Chickens. Biochem. Genet., 51: 341-349.
20.
Sambrook, J. and D.W. Russell, 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 3rd Edn., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9780879695774, Pages: 2344.
21.
Schou, T.W., R. Labouriau, A. Permin, J.P. Christensen and P. Sorensen et al., 2010. MHC haplotype and susceptibility to experimental infections (Salmonella Enteritidis, Pasteurella multocida or Ascaridia galli) in a commercial and an indigenous chicken breed. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 135: 52-63.
22.
Sironi, L., J.L. Williams, A. Stella, G. Minozzi and A. Moreno et al., 2011. Genomic study of the response of chicken to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. BMC Proc., Vol. 5, Suppl. 4.

Most read articles by the same author(s)