Research Article Open Access

Genetic Diversity of the Cameroon Indigenous Chicken Ecotypes

Authors

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
T.C. Keambou
Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea - Cameroon
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B.A. Hako
Department of Animal Production, FASA, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang - Cameroun
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S. Ommeh
Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub (BecA-ILRI Hub), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi-00100, Kenya
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C. Bembide
Department of Animal Production, FASA, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang - Cameroun
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E.P. Ngono
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere
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Y. Manjeli
Department of Animal Production, FASA, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang - Cameroun
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F. Wamonje
Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub (BecA-ILRI Hub), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi-00100, Kenya
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Nzuki
Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub (BecA-ILRI Hub), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi-00100, Kenya
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B. Wanjala
Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub (BecA-ILRI Hub), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi-00100, Kenya
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M. Wamalwa
Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub (BecA-ILRI Hub), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi-00100, Kenya
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C.Y. Cho
International Livestock Research Institute, 30709, Nairobi-00100, Kenya
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R.A. Skilton
Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub (BecA-ILRI Hub), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi-00100, Kenya
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A. Djikeng
Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub (BecA-ILRI Hub), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi-00100, Kenya
Published on: April 15, 2014
DOI 10.3923/ijps.2014.279.291
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Abstract

Cameroon has a wide range of agro-ecological zones, having indigenous chicken populations which are thought to be adapted and diversified. Genetic diversity of the Cameroon chicken populations from agro-ecological zones I, II, III and IV was assessed using 25 microsatellite markers. A total of 314 chickens were genotyped, revealing 226 distinct alleles and 24 private alleles (10.62%). The mean polymorphic information content was 0.57. The average observed, expected and unbiased frequencies of heterozygote were 0.60, 0.62 and 0.65 respectively, with the mean Shannon index of 1.21. The global inbreeding coefficient among population was 0.13. Inbreeding coefficient varied significantly with 4.27% variation observed among ecotypes. Within ecotypes the highest diversity was observed in the Bafang-Bakou population having 7.92±4.22 alleles per locus, 168.80±4.73 gene copies, 9 private alleles and 0.68±0.02 expected heterozigosity. However the same region displayed the highest inbreeding coefficient (0.13). In all the populations, 67% of the loci did not deviate significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg. The neighbor-joining tree, UPGMA cladogram as well as the Evanno’s population structure parameters revealed existence of 3 clusters in Cameroon chicken populations. The current study confirmed usefulness of microsatellites for studying genetic variation of the Cameroonian indigenous chicken. They demonstrate information on genetic variability of Cameroon local chicken populations, offer steps towards rational decision making prior to genetic improvement and conservation programs, without compromising the existence of each unique genotype.

Keywords:

Cameroon, diversity, Gallus gallus, indigenous chicken

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Keambou , T., Hako, B., Ommeh, S., Bembide, C., Ngono, E., Manjeli, Y., Wamonje, F., Nzuki, Wanjala, B., Wamalwa, M., Cho, C., Skilton, R., & Djikeng, A. (2014). Genetic Diversity of the Cameroon Indigenous Chicken Ecotypes. International Journal of Poultry Science, 13(5), 279–291. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2014.279.291
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