Research Article
Open Access
In vitro Selection of Enteric Microflora for Potential Use as a Competitive Exclusion Culture Against Campylobacter in Poultry
Abstract
The administration of nonpathogenic microflora in neonatal poultry has been employed to reduce or eliminate the colonization of enteric pathogens. This concept, also called Competitive Exclusion (CE), although effective against Salmonella, has not consistently worked against Campylobacter. Most CE cultures are developed by randomly collecting enteric bacteria without any preselection criteria for bacteria. It may be possible to enhance the efficacy of a CE against Campylobacter by preselecting enteric microflora with the ability to inhibit Campylobacter, in vitro. With this goal, an assay was developed to test individual isolates with the ability to reduce or eliminate Campylobacter growth, in vitro. Individual isolates (n = 137) were collected from ceca of both juvenile and adult poultry and tested for efficacy against Campylobacter. Isolates were serially diluted (104 or 105 CFU/well) and added to 96 well polystyrene plates containing 1 x 104 CFU C. jejuni or C. coli/well. Plates were incubated at 42°C in a microaerophilic environment for 24-48 h. Following incubation, a 1 μl loop from each well was streaked onto Campy-Cefex agar plate and incubated at 42°C in a microaerophilic environment for 24-48 h. Twenty-three isolates were identified with the ability to inhibit C. jejuni or C. coli growth in vitro. This research demonstrates that it is possible to pre-screen enteric isolates for Campylobacter inhibition for use as competitive exclusion cultures.
Keywords:
Campylobacter, competitive exclusion, enteric microflora, foodborne pathogensArticle Metrics
426
Abstract Views
94
File Views
0
Downloads
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Article Citation Metrics
How to Cite
Bhaskaran, H., Donoghue, A., Arsi, K., Wooming, A., Reyes-Herrera, I., Bielke, L., Tellez, G., Byrd, J., Blore, P., Hargis, B., & Donoghue , D. (2011). In vitro Selection of Enteric Microflora for Potential Use as a Competitive Exclusion Culture Against Campylobacter in Poultry. International Journal of Poultry Science, 10(12), 940–945. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2011.940.945
References
1.
Aho, M., M. Kurki, H. Rautelin and T.U. Kosunen, 1989. Waterborne outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis after an outdoors infantry drill in Utti, Finland. Epidemiol. Infect., 103: 133-141.
2.
Altekruse, S.F., N.J. Stern, P.I. Fields and D.L. Swerdlow, 1999. Campylobacter jejuni: An emerging foodborne pathogen. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 5517: 28-35.
3.
Bailey, J.S., 1993. Control of Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry production. A summary of work at russell research center. Poult. Sci., 72: 1169-1173.
4.
Bailey, J.S., L.C. Blankenship, N.J. Stern, N.A. Cox and F. McHan, 1988. Effect of anticoccidial and antimicrobial feed additives on prevention of Salmonella colonization of chicks treated with anaerobic cultures of chicken feces. Avian Dis., 32: 324-329.
5.
Bielke, L.R., A.L. Elwood, D.J. Donoghue, A.M. Donoghue, L.A. Newberry, N.K. Neighbor and B.M. Hargis, 2003. Approach for selection of individual enteric bacteria for competitive exclusion in turkey poults. Poult. Sci., 82: 1378-1382.
6.
Blaser, M.J., 1997. Epidemiologic and clinical features of Campylobacter jejuni infections. J. Infect. Dis., 176: S103-S105.
7.
CDC, 2010. Centers for disease control and prevention, national center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases. http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/campylobacter/.
8.
CDC., 2011. Estimates of foodborne illness in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/index.html.
9.
Cole, K., M.B. Farnell, A.M. Donoghue, N.J. Stern and E.A. Svetoch et al., 2006. Bacteriocins reduce Campylobacter colonization and alter gut morphology in Turkey poults. Poult. Sci., 85: 1570-1575.
10.
Corrier, D.E., D.J. Nisbet, C.M. Scanlan, G. Tellez, B.M. Hargis and J.R. Deloach, 1994. Inhibition of Salmonella enteritidis cecal and organ colonization in leghorn chicks by a defined culture of cecal bacteria and dietary lactose. J. Food. Prot., 57: 377-381.
11.
Corrier, D.E., D.J. Nisbet, C.M. Scanlan, A.G. Hollister and J.R. Deloach, 1995. Control of Salmonella typhimurium colonization in broiler chicks with a continuous-flow characterized mixed culture of cecal bacteria. Poult. Sci., 74: 916-924.
12.
Corrier, D.E., D.J. Nisbet, C.M. Scanlan, A.G. Hollister and D.J. Caldwell et al., 1995. Treatment of commercial broiler chickens with a characterized culture of cecal bacteria to reduce Salmonellae colonization. Poult. Sci., 74: 1093-1101.
13.
Cox, N.A., J.S. Bailey and L.C. Blankenship, 1991. Alternative Administration of Competitive Exclusion Treatment. In: Colonization Control of Human Bacterial Enteropathogens in Poultry, Blankenship, L.C. (Ed.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA., pp: 105-118.
14.
Friedman, C.R., R.M. Hoekstra, M. Samuel, R. Marcus and J. Bender et al., 2004. Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection in the United States: A case-control study in foodnet sites. Clin. Infect. Dis., 38: S285-S296.
15.
Fuller, R., 1989. Probiotics in man and animals. J. Applied Bacteriol., 66: 365-378.
16.
Genigegorgis, C., M. Hassuneh and P. Coolins, 1986. Campylobacter jejuni infection on poultry farms and its effect on poultry meat contamination during slaughtering. J. Food Prot., 49: 895-903.
17.
Griggs, J.P. and J.P. Jacob, 2005. Alternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production. J. Applied Poult. Res., 14: 750-756.
18.
Grover, J.P., 2009. Is storage an adaptation to spatial variation in resource availability? Am. Nat., 173: E44-E61.
19.
Grover, J.P., S.B. Hsu and F.B. Wang, 2012. Competition between microorganisms for a single limiting resource with cell quota structure and spatial variation. J. Math. Biol., 64: 713-743.
20.
Heres, L., B. Engel, F. van Knapen, M.C. de Jong, J.A. Wagenaar and H.A. Urlings, 2003. Fermented liquid feed reduces susceptibility of broilers for Salmonella enteritidis. Poult. Sci., 82: 603-611.
21.
Higgins, J.P., S.E. Higgins, A.D. Wolfenden, S.N. Henderson and A. Torres-Rodriguez et al., 2010. Effect of lactic acid bacteria probiotic culture treatment timing on Salmonella Enteritidis in neonatal broilers. Poult. Sci., 89: 243-247.
22.
Hume, M.E., A.G. Hollister, D.J. Nisbet, D.E. Corrier and J.R. DeLoach, 1996. Effect of a characterized continuous-flow culture of cecal bacteria on Salmonella typhimurium crop colonization in broiler chicks. Avian Dis., 40: 391-397.
23.
Hume, M.E., D.E. Corrier, D.J. Nisbet and J.R. Deloach, 1996. Reduction of Salmonella crop and cecal colonization by a characterized competitive exclusion culture in broilers during grow-out. J. Food. Prot., 59: 688-693.
24.
Impey, C.S., G.C. Mead and S.M. George, 1982. Competitive exclusion of Salmonellas from the chick caecum using a defined mixture of bacterial isolates from the caecal microflora of an adult bird. J. Hygiene, 89: 479-490.
25.
Impey, C.S., G.C. Mead and S.M. George, 1984. Evaluation of treatment with defined and undefined mixtures of gut microorganisms for preventing Salmonella colonization in chicks and Turkey poults. Food Microbiol., 1: 143-147.
26.
Lin, J., 2009. Novel approaches for Campylobacter control in poultry. Foodborne Pathog. Dis., 6: 755-765.
27.
Mead, G.C., 2000. Prospects for competitive exclusion treatment to control salmonellas and other foodborne pathogens in poultry. Vet. J., 159: 111-123.
28.
Mead, G.C., 2002. Factors affecting intestinal colonization of poultry by Campylobacter and role of microflora in control. World's Poult. Sci., 58: 169-178.
29.
Methner, U., P.A. Barrow, G. Martin and H. Meyer, 1997. Comparative study of the protective effect against Salmonella colonization in newly hatched SPF chickens using live attenuated salmonella vaccine strains wild-type salmonella strains or a competitive exclusion product. Int. J. Food Microb., 35: 223-230.
30.
Mountzouris, K.C., C. Balaskas, I. Xanthakos, A. Tzivinikou and K. Fegeros, 2009. Effects of a multi-species probiotic on biomarkers of competitive exclusion efficacy in broilers challenged with Salmonella enteritidis. Br. Poult. Sci., 50: 467-478.
31.
Nisbet, D.J., D.E. Corrier, C.M. Scanlan, A.G. Hollister, R.C. Beier and J.R. Deloach, 1993. Effect of a defined continuous-flow derived bacterial culture and dietary lactose on Salmonella typhimurium colonization in broiler chickens. Avian Dis., 37: 1017-1025.
32.
Nisbet, D.J., S.C. Ricke, C.M. Scanlan, D.E. Corrier, A.G. Hollister and J.R. Deloach, 1994. Inoculation of broiler chicks with a continuous-flow derived bacterial culture facilitates early cecal bacterial colonization and increases resistance to Salmonella typhimurium. J. Food. Prot., 57: 12-15.
33.
Nisbet, D.J., D.E. Corrier, S.C. Ricke, M.E. Hume, J.A. Byrd II and J.R. Deloach, 1996. Maintenance of the biological efficacy in chicks of a cecal competitive-exclusion culture against Salmonella by continuous-flow fermentation. J. Food. Prot., 59: 1279-1283.
34.
Norkrans, G. and A. Svedhem, 1982. Epidemiologic aspects of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. J. Hyg., 89: 163-170.
35.
Nurmi, E. and M. Rantala, 1973. New aspects of Salmonella infection in broiler production. Nature, 241: 210-211.
36.
Patterson, J.A. and K.M. Burkholder, 2003. Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production. Poult. Sci., 82: 627-631.
37.
Qin, Z.R., T. Fukata, E. Baba and A. Arakawa, 1995. Effect of lactose and Lactobacillus acidophilus on the colonization of Salmonella enteritidis in chicks concurrently infected with Eimeria tenella. Avian Dis., 39: 548-553.
38.
Rigby, C.E. and J.R. Pettit, 1980. Observations on competitive exclusion for preventing Salmonella typhimurium infection of broiler chickens. Avian Dis., 24: 604-615.
39.
Saito, Y. and T. Miki, 2010. Species coexistence under resource competition with intraspecific and interspecific direct competition in a chemostat. Theor. Popul. Biol., 78: 173-182.
40.
Schneitz, C., M. Hakkinen, L. Nuotio, E. Nurmi and G. Mead, 1990. Droplet application for protecting chicks against Salmonella colonization by competitive exclusion. Vet. Rec., 126: 510-510.
41.
Schneitz, C. and L. Nuotio, 1992. Efficacy of different microbial preparations for controlling Salmonella colonization in chicks and turkey poults by competitive exclusion. Br. Poult. Sci., 33: 207-211.
42.
Schneitz, C., 2005. Competitive exclusion in poultry: 30 years of research. Food Control, 16: 657-667.
43.
Schoeni, J.L. and M.P. Doyle, 1992. Reduction of Campylobacter jejuni colonization of chicks by cecum-colonizing bacteria producing anti-C. jejuni metabolites. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58: 664-670.
44.
Shanker, S., A. Lee and T.C. Sorrell, 1990. Horizontal transmission of Campylobacter jejuni amongst broiler chicks: Experimental studies. Epidemiol. Infect., 104: 101-110.
45.
Snoeyenbos, G.H., O.M. Weinack and C.F. Smyser, 1978. Protecting chicks and poults from Salmonellae by oral administration of normal gut microflora. Avian Dis., 22: 273-287.
46.
Soerjadi-Liem, A.S., G.H. Snoeyenbos and O.M. Weinack, 1984. Comparative studies on competitive exclusion of three isolates of Campylobacter fetus subsp. Jejuni in chickens by native gut microflora. Avian Dis., 28: 139-146.
47.
Stavric, S.T.M.G., B. Blanchfield and H. Pivnick, 1987. Role of adhering microflora in competitive exclusion of Salmonella from young chicks. J. Food. Prot., 50: 928-932.
48.
Stern, N.J. and J.E. Line, 1992. Comparison of three methods for recovery of Campylobacter sp. from broiler carcasses. J. Food Prot., 55: 663-666.
49.
Stern, N.J., N.A. Cox, J.S. Bailey, M.E. Berrang and M.T. Musgrove, 2001. Comparison of mucosal competitive exclusion and competitive exclusion treatment to reduce Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. colonization in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 80: 156-160.
50.
Stern, N.J., E.A. Svetoch, B.V. Eruslanov, Y.N. Kovalev and L.I. Volodina et al., 2005. Paenibacillus polymyxa purified bacteriocin to control Campylobacter jejuni in chickens. J. Food Prot., 68: 1450-1453.
51.
Stern, N.J., E.A. Svetoch, B.V. Eruslanov, V.V. Perelygin and E.V. Mitsevich et al., 2006. Isolation of a Lactobacillus salivarius strain and purification of its bacteriocin, which is inhibitory to Campylobacter jejuni in the chicken gastrointestinal system. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 50: 3111-3116.
52.
Svetoch, E.A. and N.J. Stern, 2010. Bacteriocins to control Campylobacter spp. In poultry: A review. Poult. Sci., 89: 1763-1768.
53.
Tagg, J.R., A.S. Dajani and L.W. Wannamaker, 1976. Bacteriocins of gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriol. Rev., 40: 722-756.
54.
Vanbelle, M., E. Teller and M. Focant, 1990. Probiotics in animal nutrition: A review. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 40: 543-567.
55.
Wolfenden, A.D., J.L. Vicente, L.R. Bielke, C.M. Pixley and S.E. Higgins et al., 2007. Effect of a defined competitive exclusion culture for prophylaxis and reduction of horizontal transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 6: 489-492.
56.
Zhao, C., B. Ge, J.D. Villena, R. Sudler and E. Yeh et al., 2001. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli and Salmonella serovars in retail chicken, Turkey, pork and beef from the Greater Washington D.C., Area. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 67: 5431-5436.
57.
Zhang, G., L. Ma and M.P. Doyle, 2007. Salmonellae reduction in poultry by competitive exclusion bacteria Lactobacillus salivarius and Streptococcus cristatus. J. Food Prot., 70: 874-878.
58.
Zhang, G., L. Ma and M.P. Doyle, 2007. Potential competitive exclusion bacteria from poultry inhibitory to Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella. J. Food Prot., 70: 867-873.
59.
Fratamico, P.M., 2003. Comparison of culture, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), TaqMan Salmonella and transia card salmonella assays for detection of Salmonella sp. in naturally-contaminated ground chicken, ground turkey and ground beef. Mol. Cell. Probes., 17: 215-221.
