Effects of Exposure Duration to Cottonseed Cake-Based Diets on Broiler Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2010.162.166Keywords:
Broiler’s diet, cottonseed cake, performance, serum biochemistryAbstract
Two experiments were separately conducted using cottonseed cake-based diets to feed table birds. In the first experiment (phase 1) broiler birds were fed from day old to 8 weeks of age, while in the second experiment (phase 2), the birds were fed cottonseed cake based diets from 4-8 weeks of age. Five dietary treatments were fed in both experiments formulated to be iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous with Cottonseed Cake (CSC) replacing Soyabean Cake (SBC) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively. The live weight of broilers in the phases differed significantly (p<0.05) with broilers in phase 2 being better. The dressed weight was higher in phase 2 than phase 1. Broilers fed CSC based diets from 4 weeks had better feed conversion ratio than those fed from day old. Similar trend was observed in haematological and serum biochemistry parameters in the different treatments of the two phases. It can be concluded that feeding CSC protein as replacement for SBC protein was better from 4 weeks of age in respect of broiler performance though at a higher cost than the former.
References
Mahagan, C.I. and N.K. Agrawal, 1980. Haematological changes due to vitamin C deficiency in ghana punctatus. J. Nutr., 110: 2171-2182.
Aletor, V.A. and B.L. Fetuga, 1986. Some pathological aspects of raw limabean (Phaselous lumatus L.) feeding to growing rat. Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 13: 48-57.
AOAC., 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
American Oil Chemists Society, 1979. Sampling and Analysis of Oilseed By-products: Official Method. AOCS Press, Champaign, USA., pp: 8-78.
Apata, D.F., 1990. Biochemical, nutritional and toxicological assessment of some tropical legume seeds. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
Apata, D.F. and A.D. Ologhobo, 1989. Influence of phytic acid on the availability of minerals from selected tropical legume seeds. Nig. J. Sci., 23: 88-91.
Baber, Z.I., M.Z. Olam, S. Rasool and F. Ahmad, 1995. Effect of lysine and methionine supplementation on biological value of cottonseed meal. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 67: 700-703.
Bamgbose, A.M., 1988. Biochemical evaluation of some oilseed cakes and their utilization in poultry rations. Ph.D Thesis, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan
Dillon, J.F., 1974. Energy intake regulation by layers according to diet, productivity and environment. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. and Anim. Husb., 14: 133-140.
Gamboa, D.A., M.C. Calhoun, S.W. Kuhlmann, A.U. Haq and C.A. Bailey, 2001. Tissue distribution of gossypol enantiomers in broilers fed various cottonseed meals. Poult. Sci., 80: 920-925.
Grimbergen, A.H.M., 1974. Energy Expenditure Under Productive Condition. In: Energy Requirement of Poultry, Morris, T.R. and B.M. Freeman (Eds.). British Poultry Science Ltd., Edinburgh, UK.
Henry, M.H., G.M. Pesti, R. Bakalli, J. Lee, R.T. Toledo, R.R. Eitenmiller and R.D. Phillips, 2001. The performance of broiler chicks fed diets containing extruded cottonseed meal supplemented with lysine. Poult. Sci., 80: 762-768.
Hron, R.J., H.L. Kim, M.C. Calhoun and G.S. Fisher, 1999. Determination of (+), (-) and total gossypol to cottonseed by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76: 1351-1355.
Ikegwuonu, F.I. and O. Bassir, 1977. Effects of phytohaemagglutinins from immature legume seeds on the function and enzyme activities of the liver and on the histopathological changes of some organs of the rat. Toxicol. Applied Pharma., 40: 217-226.
Kakade, M.L., J.E. Smith and R. Borchers, 1968. Effect of a navy bean fraction on protein synthesis in rats. Proc. Soc. Expl. Biol. Med., 119: 934-937.
Lis, H. and N. Sharon, 1977. Lectins: Their Chemistry and Application to Immunology. In: The Antigens, Sela, M. (Ed.). Acadamic Press, New York, pp: 428-529.
El-Boushy, A.R. and R. Raterink, 1989. Replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal and peanut meal or both in low energy diets for broilers. Poult. Sci., 68: 799-804.
Fernandez, S.R., Y. Zhang and C.M. Parsons, 1994. Effect of overheating on the nutritional quality of cottonseed meal. Poult. Sci., 73: 1563-1571.
Fernandez, S.R., Ye Zang and C.M. Parsons, 1995. Dietary formulation with cottonseed meal and total amino acid versus digestible amino acid basis. Poult. Sci., 74: 1168-1179.
Mactnyre, N., B.M. Freeman and D.F. Mission, 1975. Energy expenditure under production condition. Br. Poult. Sci., 9: 283-291.
McDonald, M.W., 1978. Economics of methionine supplementation of the laying hen. Proceeings of the 1st Australian Poultry and Stock Feed Conference, (APSFC'78), Surfer's Paradise, Australia, pp: 156-161.
Nkanga, E.E. and G.N. Egbunike, 1990. Cytology and the cycle of the seminiferous Epithelium in the cock. Trop. Anim. Prod. Invest., 1: 88-100.
Ologhobo, A.D., D.E. Apata and A. Oyejide, 1993. Utilization of raw jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) and Jackbean fractions in diets for broiler chick. Br. Poult. Sci., 34: 323-337.
Reddy, N.R., S.K. Sathe and D.K. Salunkhe, 1982. Phytates in legumes and cereals. Adv. Food Res., 28: 1-92.
Schalm, O.W., 1971. Clinical significance of plasma protein concentration. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 157: 1672-1672.
SAS Insstitute, 1999. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. 9th Edn., SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
Watkins, S.E., J.T. Skinner, M.H. Adams and P.W. Waldroup, 1993. An evaluation of low-gossypol cottonseed meal in diets for broiler chickens 1. Effect of cottonseed meal level and lysine supplementation. J. Applied Poult. Res., 2: 221-226.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
