Current Status of Family Poultry Production in Togo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2020.568.576Keywords:
Family poultry, flock management, poultry diseases, production performance, TogoAbstract
Background and Objective: Appropriate poultry development strategies based on sound knowledge of family poultry practices can benefit households substantially by contributing to food security, women’s empowerment and poverty reduction in developing countries. This study was conducted to obtain information on family poultry practices in Togo. Materials and Methods: This baseline study on family poultry production was carried out in the five regions of Togo. Semi-structured questionnaires were used by trained investigators to collect data through individual interviews in 1,468 households. Results: The results showed that the majority of men in Togo (65.48%) owned poultry and that agriculture is the predominant occupational activity of most (91.35%) poultry farmers. The leading purposes for keeping poultry species were for personal food consumption and income (39.37%). Birds were most often (87.10%) purchased to form the initial poultry flock. Body size was reported by 21.67% of respondents as the trait that most influenced the choice of purchase, followed by a combination of body size and plumage (23.16%). The poultry owned were mainly chickens (n = 50±7), followed by pigeons (n = 31±7) and Guinea fowl (n = 23±5). Cereals were the major feed constituents, particularly maize (95.09%), followed by millet (43.71%), leftovers (35.32%) and sorghum (34.49%). The main sources of water supply for poultry maintenance were wells (36.07%) and boreholes (32.97%). Disease (66.16%), theft (20.17%) and predation (11.54%) were the leading causes of poultry loss. The most common of these diseases were Newcastle disease, coccidiosis, smallpox, bronchitis, salmonellosis, vitamin deficiency and intestinal worms. Approximately 33.15% of respondents reported having provided veterinary care, whereas herbal treatments were used by 46.62% of respondents to prevent or treat diseases in poultry flocks. More than half (55.24%) of the respondents had access to extension services support and 81.38% reported being satisfied with the support provided. Conclusion: Poultry diseases, lack of information and training on management practices are the important constraints in the current status of family poultry production in Togo. The findings obtained from this study are important in determining the resources needed to improve family poultry farming in Togo.
References
Ministere de L'agriculture, de L'elevage et de la Peche, 2013. Volume I: Aperçu General de L'agriculture Togolaise a Travers le Pre-Recensement. 4ème Recensement National de L'agriculture 2011-2014. Organisation des Nations Unies pour L’alimentation et L’agriculture. https://bit.ly/31FfIqR
Ministere de L'agriculture, de L'elevage et de la Peche, 2013. Volume II: Module de Base : Résultats Chiffrés Détaillés sur L'agriculture Togolaise. 4ème Recensement National de L'agriculture 2011-2014. Organisation des Nations Unies pour L’alimentation et L’agriculture. https://bit.ly/2TkGUXD
Padhi, M.K., 2016. Importance of indigenous breeds of chicken for rural economy and their improvements for higher production performance. Scientifica, Vol. 2016.
Guèye, E.F., 2005. Gender aspects in family poultry management systems in developing countries. World's Poult. Sci. J., 61: 39-46.
Akinola, L.A.F. and A. Essien, 2011. Relevance of rural poultry production in developing countries with special reference to Africa. World's Poult. Sci. J., 67: 697-705.
Conan, A., F.L. Goutard, S. Sorn and S. Vong, 2012. Biosecurity measures for backyard poultry in developing countries: A systematic review. BMC Vet. Res., Vol. 8.
Salces, A.J., L.M. Quirog and E.I. Chatto, 2013. Participatory approach in definition of breeding objective traits for Boholano strain of native chicken. Philippine J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 39: 165-172.
FAO., 2013. Understanding and Integrating Gender Issues into Livestock Projects and Programmes: A Checklist for Practitioners. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Pages: 44.
Billah, S.M., F. Nargis, M.E. Hossain, M.A.R. Howlider and S.H. Lee, 2013. Family poultry production and consumption patterns in selected househiolds of Bangladesh. J. Agric. Ext. Rural Dev., 5: 62-69.
Habte, M., N. Ameha and S. Demeke, 2013. Production performance of local and exotic breeds of chicken at rural household level in Nole Kabba Woreda, Western Wollega, Ethiopia. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 8: 1014-1021.
Mapiye, C., M. Mwale, J.F. Mupangwa, M. Chimonyo, R. Foti and M.J. Mutenje, 2008. A research review of village chicken production constraints and opportunities in Zimbabwe. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 21: 1680-1688.
Wong, J.T., J. de Bruyn, B. Bagnol, H. Grieve, M. Li, R. Pym and R.G. Alders, 2017. Small-scale poultry and food security in resource-poor settings: A review. Global Food Secur., 15: 43-52.
INDC., 2015. Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) within the Framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) Togo.
Moges, F., A. Tegegne and T. Dessie, 2010. Indigenous chicken production and marketing systems in Ethiopia: Characteristics and opportunities for market-oriented development. IPMS (Improving Productivity and Market Success) of Ethiopian Farmers Project Working Paper 24, ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya.
Ndiweni, N.J., 2013. Prudent poultry farming as a source of livelihood and food security in a changing climate: The case of Zhombe communal lands, Zimbabwe. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., Vol. 3, No. 10.
Popy, F.Y., Q.M.M.K. Chowdhury, S. Alam, S. Roy, P.M. Dipta and J. Ahmed, 2018. Backyard poultry management and production system at Barlekha Upazila, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. Int. J. Sci. Bus., 2: 90-100.
Islam, M.S., I.A. Begum, A.K.M.G. Kausar, M.R. Hossain and M. Kamruzzaman, 2015. Livelihood improvement of small farmers through family poultry in Bangladesh. Int. J. Bus. Manag. Soc. Res., 1: 61-70.
Thornton, P.K., 2010. Livestock production: Recent trends, future prospects. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci., 365: 2853-2867.
Alabi, R.A. and M.B. Aruna, 2006. Technical efficiency of family poultry production in Niger-Delta, Nigeria. J. Central Eur. Agric., 6: 531-538.
Ouedraogo, B., B. Bale, S.J. Zoundi and L. Sawadogo, 2015. Characteristics of village poultry farming and influence of improvement techniques on its zootechnical performances in the Sourou Province, North-West Region of Burkina Faso. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci., 9: 1528-1543.
Justus, O., G. Owuor and B.O. Bebe, 2013. Management practices and challenges in smallholder indigenous chicken production in Western Kenya. J. Agric. Rural Dev. Trop. Subtrop., 114: 51-58.
Yakubu, A., 2010. Indigenous chicken flocks of Nasarawa state, Nigeria: their characteristics, husbandry and productivity. Trop. Subtropical Agroecosyst., 12: 69-76.
Desta, T.T. and O. Wakeyo, 2012. Uses and flock management practices of scavenging chickens in Wolaita Zone of Southern Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 44: 537-544.
Zamxaka, C.W., 2016. Socio-economic contribution and health challenges of indigenous chickens in smallholder systems. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Fort Hare.
Chaturvedani, A.K.,N. Lal, J. Pratap and K. Dhruw, 2016. Housing, feeding and breeding practices of backyard poultry production in Chhattisgarh, India. Int. J. Agric. Sci., 8: 2000-2003.
Mohammed, A., 2018. Major constraints and health management of village poultry production in Ethiopia: review school of veterinary medicine, Jimma university, Jimma, Ethiopia. Int. J. Res. Stud. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 4: 1-10.
Nyoni, N.M.B. and P.J. Masika, 2012. Village chicken production practices in the Amatola basin of the eastern cape province, South Africa. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 7: 2647-2652.
Conroy, C., N. Sparks, D. Chandrasekaran, A. Sharma and D. Shindeyet al., 2005. Improving Backyard Poultry-Keeping: A Case Study from India. Agricultural Research and Extension Network India Pages: 12.
Mtileni, B.J., F.C. Muchadeyi, A. Maiwashe, M. Chimonyo, C. Mapiye and K. Dzama, 2012. Influence of socioeconomic factors on production constraints faced by indigenous chicken producers in South Africa. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 45: 67-74.
Ogni, C.A., M. Kpodekon, J. Dougnon, H. Dassou and J.E. Goussanou et al, 2016. Dominant bacterial diseases in the extensive and semi-intensive animal breeding and their treatment method by ethnoveterinary medicine in Benin. J. Applied Pharm. Sci., 6: 150-158.
Sambo, E., J. Bettridge, T. Dessie, A. Amare, T. Habte, P. Wigley and R.M. Christley, 2014. Participatory evaluation of chicken health and production constraints in Ethiopia. Preventive Vet. Med., 118: 117-127.
Koyenikan, M.J., 2011. Assessment of rural poultry extension services in Oshimili north local government area, Delta state, Nigeria. Agric. Extension Rural Dev., 3: 165-171.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
