Phenotypic Characteristics of Super Kampong Chickens Raised as Meat Producers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2020.524.530Keywords:
Beak, comb, feather color, Kampong chickens, lobe, phenotypic traits, shankAbstract
Background and Objective: Phenotypic polymorphisms of livestock can be used as a basis for selection programs. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of super kampong chickens raised as meat producers. Materials and Methods: A total of 184 birds were maintained in open housing with concrete floors, from day-old chicks until 13 weeks of age. During the starter phase, the birds were given broiler feed and from week 4 onward, feed quality was reduced every week by adding 10% fine rice bran. The observed variables were feather color, shank color, lobe color, skin color, beak color and comb shape at 13 weeks of age. The obtained data were tabulated and the frequency was calculated. Results: The results showed that the most common color of super kampong chicken feathers was brown, followed by white, Columbian, black, striated and gray. Shank color was mostly yellow, followed by black and white. Lobe color was mostly red, followed by white. The overall skin color was white. The beak color was mostly yellow, followed by black and white. The shape of the chicken comb was dominated by the pea type, followed by the single type. The dominant phenotypic characteristics of the dam line inherited by the super kampong chickens were feather color, shank color and beak color, while lobe color, skin and comb shape were inherited from the sire line. Conclusion: Super kampong chickens exhibit high phenotypic polymorphism.
References
Tamzil, M.H., 2017. Comparison of fatness and meat quality of Kampung chickens, Arabic chickens and laying type cockerels at different slaughtering ages. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 16: 105-111.
Tamzil, M.H., M. Ichsan, N.S. Jaya and M. Taqiuddin, 2015. Growth rate, carcass weight and percentage weight of carcass parts of laying type cockerels, Kampong chicken and Arabic chicken in different ages. Pak. J. Nutr., 14: 377-382.
Iskandar, S., 2007. Tatalaksana pemeliharaan ayam lokal: Sumber daya genetik ayam lokal Indonesia. Keanekaragaman Sumber Daya Hayati Ayam Lokal Indonesia, Manfaat dan Potensi, Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor, pp: 133-155.
Sidadolog, J.H.P., 2007. Pemanfaatan dan Kegunaan Ayam Lokal Indonesia. In: Keanekaragaman Sumber Daya Hayati Ayam Lokal Indonesia: Manfaat dan Potensi Manfaat dan Potensi, Diwyanto, K. and S.N. Prijono (Eds.). Pusat Penelitian Biologi-LIPI, Bogor, Indonesia, ISBN: 978-979-799-183-8, pp: 27-42.
Sulandari, S., M.S.A. Zein, S. Paryanti and T. Sartika, 2007. Taksonomi dan Asal Usul Ayam Domestikasi. Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor, pp: 5-25.
Sulandari, S., M.S.A. Zein, S. Priyanti, T. Sartika and M. Astuti et al., 2007. Sumber daya genetik ayam lokal Indonesia: Keanekaragaman sumber daya hayati ayam lokal Indonesia. Manfaat dan Potensi, Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor, pp: 45-104.
Subekti, K. and F. Arlina, 2011. Karakteristik genetik eksternal ayam kampung di kecamatan sungai pagu kabupaten solok selatan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan, 14: 74-86.
Tamzil, M.H., N.K.D. Haryani and I.N.S. Jaya, 2018. Polymorphism of qualitative traits of Arabic chicken: A case study in polymorphism of qualitative traits of Arabic chicken: A case study in istiqomah farmer group, Dasan Cermen, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 17: 378-384.
Shen, X., Y. Wang, C. Cui, X. Zhao and D. Li et al., 2019. Detection of Snps in the Melanocortin 1-Receptor (MC1R) and Its Association with Shank Color Trait in Hs Chicken. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 3.
Hoque, M.R., S. Jin, K.N. Heo, B.S. Kang, C. Jo and J.H. Lee, 2013. Investigation of MC1R SNPs and their relationships with plumage colors in Korean native chicken. Asian Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 5: 625-629.
Kerje, S., J. Lind, K. Schutz, P. Jensen and L. Andersson, 2003. Melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1R) mutations are associated with plumage colour in chicken. Anim. Genet., 34: 241-248.
Stevens, L., 1991. Genetics and Evolution of the Domestic Fowl. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, ISBN: 9780521403177, Pages: 306.
Roulin, A. and A.L. Ducrest, 2013. Genetics of colouration in birds. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol., 24: 594-608.
Ratna, Y., 2010. Study of un-slaughtered chicken carcass: organoleptic changes and bacterial growth pattern. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 11: 27-36.
Simarmata, L., R E.M.F. Osak, E.K.M. Endoh and F.N.S. Oroh, 2019. Analisis preferensi konsumen dalam membeli daging broiler di pasar tradisional kota manado (Studi kasus “pasar pinasungkulan karombasan”). Zeetec, 39: 194-202.
Nataamijaya, A.G., 2005. Karakteristik penampilan pola warna bulu, kulit, sisik kaki dan paruh Ayam Pelung di Garut dan Ayam Sentul di Ciamis. Buletin Plasma Nuftah, 11: 1-5.
Sirri, F., M. Petracci, M. Bianchi and A. Meluzzi, 2010. Survey of skin pigmentation of yellow-skinned broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 89: 1556-1561.
Fletcher, D.L., 1999. Poultry Meat Colour. In: Poultry Meat Science, Richardson, R.I. and G.C. Mead (Eds.). CAB International, Oxon, UK., pp: 159-174.
Blakely, J. and D.H. Bade, 1998. Ilmu Peternakan. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Agus, S., 2005. Peningkatan Produktivitas Daging Itik Mandalung Melalui Pembentukan Galur Induk. [Improvement of the Meat Productivity of Mule Ducks by the Establish of Female Line]. Ph.D. Thesis, Institut Pertanian Bogor University
Liyanage, R.P., C.M.B. Dematawewa and G.L.L.P. Silva, 2015. Comparative study on morphological and morphometric features of village chicken in Sri Lanka. Trop. Agric. Res., 26: 261-273.
Duguma, R., 2006. Phenotypic characterization of some indigenous chicken ecotypes of Ethiopia. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 18, No. 9.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
