Phytogenic Feed Additive Enhance Innate and Humoral Immune Response to Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccination in Broiler Chickens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2019.93.100Keywords:
Broiler chicken, immunity, NDV, phytogenic feed additive, vaccinationAbstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a phytogenic feed additive (Biostrong 510), which contains Saponins to modulate the immune system of poultry and to improve vaccination efficacy. Materials and Methods: In this study, four groups of broiler chickens (40 each) were reared for 10 days under same conditions. Groups 1 and 2 were fed diets containing phytogenic feed additives (PFA) at 150 mg kg–1 (Biostrong 510, Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Austria) whereas groups 3 and 4 continued to be fed without any PFA as control groups. Chickens in groups 1 and 3 were vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV-Lasota strain) at 14 days of age whereas groups 2 and 4 were left unvaccinated as controls. Immune organ/body weight ratio; phagocytic activity; nitric oxide, lysozyme and total antioxidant activity were measured. In addition, mean titers of heamagglutinating antibodies to NDV were determined. Results: This study showed that in comparison to the control groups, chickens fed Biostrong 510 demonstrated a significant increase in bursa/body weight ratio, significant increase in total antioxidant activity and phagocytic indexes. However, no significant effects were determined in nitric oxide and lysozyme concentration. Conclusion: Biostrong 510 has the potential to stimulate the innate immune response and enhance antibody production against NDV.
References
Dimitrov, K.M., C.L. Afonso, Q. Yu and P.J. Miller, 2017. Newcastle disease vaccines-a solved problem or a continuous challenge? Vet. Microbiol., 206: 126-136.
Camilotti, E., L.B. Moraes, T.Q. Furian, K.A. Borges, H.L.S. Moraes and C.T.P. Salle, 2016. Infectious bursal disease: Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of vaccines. Rev. Bras. Cien. Avicola, 18: 303-308.
Deng, Y.Y., Y. Yi, L.F. Zhang, R.F. Zhang and Y. Zhang et al., 2014. Immunomodulatory activity and partial characterisation of polysaccharides from Momordica charantia. Molecules, 19: 13432-13447.
Quan, F.S., R.W. Compans, Y.K. Cho and S.M. Kang, 2007. Ginseng and Salviae herbs play a role as immune activators and modulate immune responses during influenza virus infection. Vaccine, 25: 272-282.
Sun, J.L., Y.L. Hu, D.Y. Wang, B.K. Zhang and J.G. Liu, 2006. Immunologic enhancement of compound Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients and their efficacy comparison with compound Chinese herbal medicines. Vaccine, 24: 2343-2348.
Moses, T., K.K. Papadopoulou and A. Osbourn, 2014. Metabolic and functional diversity of saponins, biosynthetic intermediates and semi-synthetic derivatives. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 49: 439-462.
Estrada, A., G.S. Katselis, B. Laarveld and B. Barl, 2000. Isolation and evaluation of immunological adjuvant activities of saponins from Polygala senega L. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 23: 27-43.
Fleck, J.D., C. Kauffmann, F. Spilki, C.L. Lencina, P.M. Roehe and G. Gosmann, 2006. Adjuvant activity of Quillaja brasiliensis saponins on the immune responses to bovine herpesvirus type 1 in mice. Vaccine, 24: 7129-7134.
Sun, H.X., Y.P. Ye, H.J. Pan and Y.J. Pan, 2004. Adjuvant effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice. Vaccine, 22: 3882-3889.
Giambrone, J.J. and J. Closser, 1990. Efficacy of live vaccines against serologic subtypes of infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Dis., 34: 7-11.
Chu, Y. and R.R. Dietert, 1989. Monocyte function in chickens with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Poult. Sci., 68: 226-232.
Hanks, J.H. and J.H. Wallace, 1958. Determination of cell viability. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 98: 188-192.
Cheung, A.T., I.K. Liu, E.M. Walsh and M.E. Miller, 1985. Phagocytic and killing capacities of uterine-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes from mares resistant and susceptible to chronic endometritis. Am. J. Vet. Res., 46: 1938-1940.
Beard, C.W., 1989. Serological Procedures. In: A Laboratory Manual for Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens. Purchase, H.G., L.H. Arp, C.H. Domermuth and J.E. Pearson (Eds.). 3rd Edn., American Association of Avian Pathologists, USA., pp: 192-200.
Schultz, A., 1987. Serotonin. In: Methods in Clinical Chemistry, Pesce, A. and L.A. Kaplan (Eds.). CV Mosby, St. Louis, MO., USA., ISBN-13: 978-0801638299, pp: 742-746.
Rajaraman, V., B.J. Nonnecke, S.T. Franklin, D.C. Hammell and R.L. Horst, 1998. Effect of vitamins A and E on nitric oxide production by blood mononuclear leukocytes from neonatal calves fed milk replacer. J. Dairy Sci., 81: 3278-3285.
Koracevic, D., G. Koracevic, V. Djordjevic, S. Andrejevic and V. Cosic, 2001. Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids. J. Clin. Pathol., 54: 356-361.
Petrie, A. and P. Watson, 1999. Statistics for Veterinary and Animal Science. The Blackwell Science Ltd., London, UK., ISBN-13: 9780632050253, pp: 90-99.
Li, Z., Q. Zheng, X. Xue, X. Shi and Y. Zhou et al., 2016. Pyroptosis of Salmonella typhimurium-infected macrophages was suppressed and elimination of intracellular bacteria from macrophages was promoted by blocking QseC. Scient. Rep., Vol. 6.
Lee, S.R., J.Y. Han, H.R. Kang, H.L. Lee and H.J. Noh et al., 2016. A new steroidal saponin from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus and its protective effect against cisplatin-induced renal cell toxicity. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 27: 706-711.
Naknukool, S., I. Horinouchi and H. Hatta, 2011. Stimulating macrophage activity in mice and humans by oral administration of quillaja saponin. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 75: 1889-1893.
Jang, K.J., S.H. Choi, G.J. Yu, S.H. Hong and Y.H. Chung et al., 2016. Anti-inflammatory potential of total saponins derived from the roots of Panax ginseng in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Exp. Therapeut. Med., 11: 1109-1115.
Kim, J.H., Y.S. Yi, M.Y. Kim and J.Y. Cho, 2017. Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases. J. Ginseng Res., 41: 435-443.
Sava, G., 1996. Pharmacological aspects and therapeutic applications of lysozymes. EXS, 75: 433-449.
Helal, R. and M.F. Melzig, 2011. In vitro effects of selected saponins on the production and release of lysozyme activity of human monocytic and epithelial cell lines. Sci. Pharmaceut., 79: 337-350.
Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., F. Kamil, F. Ahmad and H.M. Sirat, 2015. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil and extracts of Piper miniatum. Nat. Prod. Commun., 10: 2005-2008.
Kim, J.Y., H.J. Lee, J.S. Kim and J.H. Ryu, 2005. Induction of nitric oxide synthase by saponins of heat-processed ginseng. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 69: 891-895.
Lin, D., M. Xiao, J. Zhao, Z. Li and B. Xing et al., 2016. An overview of plant phenolic compounds and their importance in human nutrition and management of type 2 diabetes. Molecules, Vol. 21.
Smith, Y.R.A. and I.G. Adanlawo, 2014. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of saponin extracted from the root of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. World J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci., 3: 8-26.
Akinpelu, B.A., O.A. Igbeneghu, A.I. Awotunde, E.O. Iwalewa and O.O. Oyedapo, 2014. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of saponin fractions of Erythropheleum suaveolens (Guill. and Perri.) stem bark extract. Sci. Res. Essays, 9: 826-833.
Johansson, M. and K. Lovgren-Bengtsson, 1999. Iscoms with different quillaja saponin components differ in their immunomodulating activities. Vaccine, 17: 2894-2900.
Mowat, A.M., R.E. Smith, A.M. Donachie, E. Furrie, D. Grdic and N. Lycke, 1999. Oral vaccination with immune stimulating complexes. Immunol. Lett., 65: 133-140.
Adaszynska-Skwirzynska, M. and D. Szczerbinska, 2017. Use of essential oils in broiler chicken production-a review. Ann. Anim. Sci., 17: 317-335.
Farhadi, D., A. Karimi, G. Sadeghi, A. Sheikhahmadi, M. Habibian, A. Raei and K. Sobhani, 2017. Effects of using eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus L.) leaf powder and its essential oil on growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 18: 60-62.
Li, Y., X. Yan and S. Hu, 2012. Ginseng stem-leaf saponins and oil adjuvant synergistically promote the immune responses to newcastle disease in chickens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 11: 2423-2428.
Wang, Y., X. Wang, J. Huang and J. Li, 2016. Adjuvant effect of Quillaja saponaria Saponin (QSS) on protective efficacy and IgM generation in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) upon immersion vaccination. Int. J. Mol. Sci., Vol. 17, No. 3.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
