Effect of Gallotannoids on the Productive Performance and Stress Index of Broiler Chickens under Stress Conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2019.63.68Keywords:
Broiler production, gallotannins, hydrolyzable tannoids, oxidative stress, synthetic vitamin CAbstract
Background and Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of hydrolyzable tannoids (gallotannoids) on the productive performance and stress hormone levels (cortisol) of broilers, from hatching to 42 days of age, under high environmental stresses (i.e. heat stress, high stocking density, dirty litter). Materials and Methods: Two hundred and eighty-eight male broiler chickens (Ross 308 strain) were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet under high stress conditions. The birds were devided into three groups: (1) control group, (2) group that received synthetic vitamin C at 286 ppm and (3) group that received gallotanoid at 100 ppm. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Results: Gallotannoids significantly improved body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control and synthetic vitamin C groups (p<0.05) during the finisher period (days 35-42). During the overall period (days 0-42), gallotannoids significantly improved the European production efficiency factor (EPEF) and FCR compared to the control group (p<0.05), whereas the synthetic vitamin C did not significantly improve these measures (p>0.05). Blood cortisol hormone levels were decreased by the synthetic vitamin C, as well as by the gallotanoids (p>0.05). Conclusion: Results indicate that, at the tested doses and under high stress conditions, gallotannoid supplementation can improve broiler production performance more efficiently than synthetic vitamin C.
References
Feddes, J.J., E.J. Emmanuel and M.J. Zuidhoft, 2002. Broiler performance, body weight variance, feed and water intake and carcass quality at different stocking densities. Poult. Sci., 81: 774-779.
St-Pierre, N.R., B. Cobanov and G. Schnitkey, 2003. Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries. J. Dairy Sci., 86: E52-E77.
Simitzis, P.E., E. Kalogeraki, M. Goliomytis, M.A. Charismiadou and K. Triantaphyllopoulos et al., 2012. Impact of stocking density on broiler growth performance, meat characteristics, behavioural components and indicators of physiological and oxidative stress. Br. Poult. Sci., 53: 721-730.
Huang, C., H. Jiao, Z. Song, J. Zhao, X. Wang and H. Lin, 2015. Heat stress impairs mitochondria functions and induces oxidative injury in broiler chickens. J. Anim. Sci., 93: 2144-2153.
Butterworth, A., 2018. 6-Welfare Assessment of Poultry on Farm. In: Advances in Poultry Welfare, Mench, J.A. (Ed.)., 1st Edn., Woodhead Publishing, UK., pp: 113-130.
Fejercakova, A., J. Vaskova, M. Baca, L. Vasko and S. Marcincak et al., 2014. Effect of dietary microbially produced γ-linolenic acid and plant extracts on enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants in various broiler chicken organs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 98: 860-866.
Chatterjee, I.B., A.K. Majumder, B.K. Nandi and N. Subramanian, 1975. Synthesis and some major functions of vitamin C in animals. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 258: 24-47.
Njoku, P.C., 1986. Effect of dietary ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens in a tropical environment. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 16: 17-24.
Kadam, A.S., V.D. Lonkar, V.R. Patodkar, S.M. Kolangath and T.A. Bhosale, 2009. Comparative efficacy of supplementation of natural (Citrous limon Juice), herbal and synthetic vitamin c on the immune response of broiler chicken during summer stress. Asian J. Poult. Sci., 3: 57-62.
Tuekam, T.D., R.D. Miles and G.D. Butcher, 1994. Performance and humoral immune response in heat-stressed broilers fed an ascorbic acid supplemented diet. J. Applied Anim. Res., 6: 121-130.
Puthpongsiriporn, U., S.E. Scheideler, J.L. Sell and M.M. Beck, 2001. Effects of vitamin E and C supplementation on performance, In vitro lymphocyte proliferation and antioxidant status of laying hens during heat stress. Poult. Sci., 80: 1190-1200.
Ghosal, S., V.K. Tripathi and S. Chauhan, 1996. Active constituents of Emblica officinalis: Part I. The chemistry and antioxidative effects of two new hydrolysable tannins, Emblicanin A and B. Indian J. Chem., 35: 941-948.
Muruganandam, A.V., J. Singh and S.K. Agrawala, 2002. Comparative antioxidant activity of herbal IH-C against synthetic vitamin C and other products. Phytomedica, 3: 43-74.
Bhattacharya, A., A. Chatterjee, S. Ghosal and S.K. Bhattacharya, 1999. Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (Amla). Indian J. Exp. Biol., 37: 676-680.
Bhattacharya, A., S. Ghosal and S.K. Bhattacharya, 2000. Antioxidant activity of tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla) in chronic stress induced changes in rat brain. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 38: 877-880.
Bhattacharya, S.K., A. Bhattacharya, K. Sairam and S. Ghosal, 2002. Effect of bioactive tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis on ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in rat heart. Phytomedicine, 9: 171-174.
Jose, J.K. and R. Kuttan, 1995. Antioxidant activity of Emblica officinalis. J. Clin. Biochem. Nut., 19: 63-70.
Bhandari, P.R. and M.A. Kamdod, 2012. Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review of potential therapeutic applications. Int. J. Green Pharm., 6: 257-269.
Chang, M.S.H., F.H. Ming, I.J. Wu, P. Tsai and C.H. Cheng, 2005. Comparative efficacy of herbal C and synthetic vitamin C on egg production and egg quality of layers in Taiwan summer. Lives. Int., 9: 11-13.
Nagra, S.S., Y. Singh and S. Sodhi, 2010. Efficacy of herbal C in comparison to synthetic vitamin C on production performance of broilers and layers under heat stress in hot-humid season. Phytomedica, 11: 45-50.
Chatterjee, S., A. Sharma and K. Ashish, 2009. Comparative efficacy of herbal C and synthetic vitamin C on production performance and farm profitability in commercial broilers. Poult. Times India, 31: 10-12.
Mahmoud, K.Z., F.W. Edens, E.J. Eisen and G.B. Havenstein, 2004. Ascorbic acid decreases heat shock protein 70 and plasma corticosterone response in broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) subjected to cyclic heat stress. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B: Biochem. Mol. Biol., 137: 35-42.
Chatterjee, S., S.N. Das, B.P. Singh, A. Sharma and S.K. Agrawala, 2006. Effect of natural vitamin C supplementation on production and health of commercial brolers. Livest. Int., 12: 11-15.
Lohakare, J.D., J.K. Kim, M.H. Ryu, T.W. Hahn and B.J. Chae, 2005. Effects of vitamin C and vitamin D interaction on the performance, immunity and bone characteristics of commercial broilers. J. Applied Poult. Res., 14: 670-678.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
