Immunocompetence Profile of Saudi Native Chickens Compared to Exotic Breeds under High Environmental Temperature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2016.287.292Keywords:
Cell mediated immunity, hot climate, Innate immunity, NDV antibody, Saudi native chickenAbstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the immunocompetence profile of Saudi native chicken compared to not commercial (Leghorn) and commercial (Lohmann) breeds under high environmental temperature. A total of 600 1-d-old chicks representing three studied breeds (200 each) were used. All birds were kept under similar husbandry, environmental and hygienic conditions. Measurements of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were determined for the different breeds. The current results revealed that the Saudi native and Leghorn chickens had significantly lower body weight compared to the Lohmann breed. There was no significant difference among breeds for antibody levels against Newcastle disease virus vaccine (NDV). However, Saudi native chickens recorded slightly higher level compared with the other two breeds at earlier tested time. Saudi native chickens generally expressed significantly (P<0.05) higher cell- mediated immune response in vivo than commercial egg-type chickens, suggesting that raising chickens under high environmental temperatures has a more negative effect on cellular immune response of commercial chickens rather than native ones. In terms of relative weight of lymphoid organs, there were no significant differences among breeds for relative weight of either spleen or bursa of Fabricius. Nevertheless, significantly (P<0.0001) lower percentage of thymus was found in Leghorn breed compared to native and the Lohmann breeds. Concerning globulin level, it could be noticed that the Saudi native chickens recorded significantly highest level (P<0.001) compared to the other breeds. Regarding to humoral immunity, the results indicated that there was no significant difference among breeds for total antibody concentrations against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). It may be concluded that Saudi native chickens are less affected by hot temperature for cellular immunity than commercial chickens.
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