Effect of Adding Dietary Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Pits Meal With/or Without β -mannanase on Productive Performance and Eggshell Quality Parameters of Layer Hens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2015.595.601Keywords:
Beta-mannanase, date pits meal, eggshell quality, layer hens, productive performanceAbstract
To study the effects of adding date pits meal supplemented with beta-mannanase into diets on the productive performance and eggshell quality parameters, a total of 324 Hisex layer hens were randomly divided into 81 cages. Nine iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous experimental diets in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement including three levels of date pits meal (0, 5 and 10%) supplemented with three levels (0 or 330, 660 g of beta-mannanase/ton feed). Each dietary treatment was fed to 9 cages (4 birds/cage) for 8 weeks trail period after production peak from 45 to 53 weeks of age. Results showed significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments in feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg mass, egg production, eggshell weight, eggshell weight percentage, eggshell thickness and eggshell weight per surface area. It can be concluded that date pits meal could be partly added into diets as alternative feedstuffs up to 10% with supplementation of 660 g beta-mannanase/ton feed supplementation individually without negative effects on productive performance and eggshell quality characteristics of Hisex layer hen from 45 to 53 weeks of age. Further research on the effects of adding different levels of date pits meal supplemented with different levels of beta-mannanase at different ages on productive performance and eggshell quality parameters for layer hens are required to attain the optimal results.
References
AOAC., 1995. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry. 16th Edn., AOAC International, Washington, USA., Pages: 1141.
Abd El-Rahman, S.A., R.E. Khidr and H.M. Abou-El-Nasr, 1999. Date stone meal as a source of energy in layer diets. Egypt. Poult. Sci. J., 19: 307-323.
Aldhaheri, A., G. Alhadrami, N. Aboalnaga, I. Wasfi and M. Elridi, 2004. Chemical composition of date pits and reproductive hormonal status of rats fed date pits. Food Chem., 86: 93-97.
Abdallah, A.G., R.H. Harms and O. El-Husseiny, 1993. Performance of hens laying eggs with heavy or light shell weight when fed diets with different calcium and phosphorus levels. Poult. Sci., 72: 1881-1891.
Al-Harithi, M.A., 2006. The influence of date waste meal supplemented with either enzymes, probiotics or their combination on broiler performance. Egypt Poult. Sci., 26: 1031-1055.
Al-Harthi, M.A., A.A. El-Deek, H.M. Yakout and M. Al-Refaee, 2009. The nutritive value of date waste meal as a feedstuff for lohmann brown pullets and layers. J. Poult. Sci., 46: 303-312.
Al-Homidan, A.H. and I.H. Hermes, 2003. Date waste, whole dates and date pits as ingredients in broiler diets. Egypt. Poult. Sci. J., 23: 15-35.
Al-Saffar, A.E., Y.A. Attia, M.B. Mahmoud, H.S. Zewell and F. Bovera, 2012. Productive and reproductive performance and egg quality of laying hens fed diets containing different levels of date pits with enzyme supplementations. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 45: 327-334.
Almirall, M., M. Francesch, A.M. Pereze-Vendrell, J. Brufau and E. Esteve-Garcia, 1995. The differences in intestinal viscosity produced by barley and β-glucanase alter digesta enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestibilities more in broiler chicks than in cocks. J. Nutr., 125: 947-955.
Attalla, A.M. and F.M. Harraz, 1996. Chemical composition of the pits of selected date palm cultivars grown in the Qassim region Saudi Arabia. Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res., 14: 629-639.
Benabdeljelil, K. and M.I. Arbaoui, 1994. Effects of enzyme supplementation of barley-based diets on hen performance and egg quality. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 48: 325-334.
Carpenter, K.J. and K.M. Clegg, 1956. The metabolizable energy of poultry feeding stuffs in relation to their chemical composition. J. Sci. Food Agric., 7: 45-51.
Cho, J.H. and I.H. Kim, 2013. Effects of β-mannanase supplementation in combination with low and high energy dense diets for growing and finishing broilers. Livestock Sci., 154: 137-143.
Cowieson, A.J. and V. Ravindran, 2008. Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers: Growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids. Br. Poult. Sci., 49: 37-44.
Daskiran, M., R.G. Teeter, D. Fodge and H.Y. Hsiao, 2004. An evaluation of endo-β-D-mannanase (Hemicell) effects on broiler performance and energy use in diets varying in β-mannan content. Poult. Sci., 83: 662-668.
Duncan, D.B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
El-Bogdady, A.H., 1995. Date stone meal as an ingredient in laying Quail feed. Egypt. Poult. Sci. J., 15: 153-167.
El-Habba, M.S. and F. Al-Mulhim, 2013. The competitiveness of the Saudi Arabian date palm: An analytical study. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 8: 5260-5267.
Ghasemi, R., M. Torki, H.A. Ghasemi and M. Zarei, 2014. Single or combined effects of date pits and olive pulps on productive traits, egg quality, serum lipids and leucocytes profiles of laying hens. J. Applied Anim. Res., 42: 103-109.
Gracia, M.I., R. Lazaro, M.A. Latorre, P. Medel, M.J. Aranibar, E. Jimenez-Moreno and G.G. Mateos, 2009. Influence of enzyme supplementation of diets and cooking-flaking of maize on digestive traits and growth performance of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 150: 303-315.
Hamada, J.S., I.B. Hashim and F.A. Sharif, 2002. Preliminary analysis and potential uses of date pits in foods. Food Chem., 76: 135-137.
Hermes, I.H. and A.H. Al-Homidan, 2004. Effects of using date waste (whole dates and date pits) on performance, egg components and quality characteristics of Baladi Saudi and Leghorn laying hens. Egypt. J. Nutr. Feeds, 7: 223-241.
Hempe, J.M., R.C. Laukxen and J.E. Savage, 1988. Rapid determination of egg weight and specific gravity using a computerized data collection system. Poult. Sci., 67: 902-907.
Hussein, A.S. and G.A. Alhadrami, 2003. Effect of enzyme supplementation and diets containing date pits on growth and feed utilization of broiler chicks. Agric. Mar. Sci., 8: 67-71.
Hussein, A.S., G.A. Alhadrami and Y.H. Khalil, 1998. The use of dates and date pits in broiler starter and finisher diets. Bioresour. Technol., 66: 219-223.
Ishrud, O., M. Zahid, H. Zhou and Y. Pan, 2001. A water-soluble galactomannan from the seeds of Phoenix dactylifera L. Carbohydr. Res., 335: 297-301.
Jackson, M.E., D.W. Fodge and H.Y. Hsiao, 1999. Effects of β-mannanase in corn-soybean meal diets on laying hen performance. Poult. Sci., 78: 1737-1741.
Kamel, B.S., M.F. Diab, M.A. Ilian and A.J. Salman, 1981. Nutritional value of whole dates and date pits in broiler rations. Poult. Sci., 60: 1005-1011.
Kashani, S., A. Mohebbifar, M. Habibian and M. Torki, 2013. Effects of dietary inclusion of ground pits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) with or without probiotic Yeasture® on productive performance, egg traits and some blood parameters of laying hens. Annu. Rev. Res. Biol., 3: 492-506.
Kong, C., J.H. Lee and O. Adeola, 2011. Supplementation of β-mannanase to starter and grower diets for broilers. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 91: 389-397.
Lee, J.T., C.A. Bailey and A.L. Cartwright, 2003. β-mannanase ameliorates viscosity-associated depression of growth in broiler chickens fed guar germ and hull fractions. Poult. Sci., 82: 1925-1931.
Hussein, M.M.D., W.A. Helmy and H.M. Salem, 1998. Biological activities of some galactomannans and their sulfated derivatives. Phytochemistry, 48: 479-484.
Moghaieb, R.E.A., A.H.A. Abdel-Hadi and M.R.A. Ahmed, 2011. Genetic stability among date palm plantlets regenerated from petiole explants. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10: 14311-14318.
Najib, H. and Y.M. Al-Yousef, 2012. Effect of enzymatic treatment of Saudi date pits on performance of single comb white leghorn hens and the fatty acid profile of their eggs. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 11: 624-629.
Najib, H., Y.M. Al-Yousef and M. Hmeidan, 1994. Partial replacement of corn with dates in layer diet. J. Applied Anim. Res., 6: 91-96.
Panda, P.C., 1996. Shape and Texture. In: Textbook on Egg and Poultry Technology, Panda, P.C. (Ed.). Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, pp: 57.
Perez, J.F., A.G. Gernat and J.G. Murillo, 2000. Research notes: The effect of different levels of palm kernel meal in layer diets. Poult. Sci., 79: 77-79.
Radwan, M.S.M., N.A. Hataba, A.I. El-Faham and S.A. Ibrahim, 1997. Using date stone meal in grower chick and layer diets. Egypt. J. Nutr. Feeds, 1: 321-333.
Roberts, J.R., 2004. Factors affecting egg internal quality and egg shell quality in laying hens. J. Poult. Sci., 41: 161-177.
Salem, S.A. and S.M. Hegazi, 1971. Chemical composition of the Egyptian dry dates. J. Sci. Food Agric., 22: 632-633.
Sawaya, W.N., J.K. Khalil and W.J. Safi, 1984. Chemical composition and nutritional quality of date seeds. J. Food Sci., 49: 617-619.
Wells, R.G., 1968. The Measurement of Certain Egg Quality Characteristics: A Review. In: Egg Quality: A Study of the Hen's Egg, Carter, T.C. (Ed.). National Academies, Edinburgh, UK., pp: 207-249.
Wu, G., M.M. Bryant, R.A. Voitle and D.A. Roland Sr, 2005. Effects of Mannanase in corn-soy diets on commercial leghorns in second-cycle hens. Poult. Sci., 84: 894-897.
Wyatt, C.L. and T. Goodman, 1993. Utilization of feed enzymes in laying hen rations. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 2: 68-74.
Yakout, H.M., M.M. Shehatta, M.E. Omera and E.H. El-Ganzory, 2004. The effect of energy levels on the response of local laying hens to enzyme supplemented diets. Egypt. Poult. Sci., 24: 497-501.
Najib, H.A., Y.M. Al-Yousif, M. Hmeidan and I. Al-Turki, 1993. Use of dates as an energy sources in the layer rations. Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium of Date Palms, January 17-20, 1993, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia, pp: 385-392.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
