Energy Utilization from Various Fat Sources by Broiler Chickens at Different Ages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2015.257.261Keywords:
Broiler, fat, metabolizable energyAbstract
Two studies were conducted to estimate nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of different fat sources for broilers from 1 to 7 and 28 to 35 d of age. Corn-soybean meal diets with inclusions of 2, 4 and 8% degummed soybean oil (DSO), acidulated soybean soapstock (ASS), or pork lard (PL) (experiment 1) and coconut oil (CCO), palm oil (PO), or palm kernel oil (PKO) (experiment 2). Fats were added to the feeds at the expense of corn starch. Experiments were conducted in battery cages (0.72 m2) with 8 Ross × Ross 308 male broiler chicks each. Experimental diets were provided from 1 to 7 and 28 to 35 d and feed intake was recorded for each cage. Total excreta was collected from 3 to 7 and 33 to 35 d. Linear regressions at each age (Y = a + bx; Y = apparent available fat; x = level of fat added) allowed estimations of AMEn for each fat source as the product of the coefficient of apparent availability of fat (slope of the equations) multiplied by the gross energy of fat. Estimated values of AMEn (kcal/kg) from 1 to 7 vs. 28 to 35 d were, respectively, 8.348 vs. 9.283 (DSO); 7.706 vs. 8.533 (ASS); 8.219 vs. 8.781 (PL); 7.837 vs. 8.824 (CCO); 7.952 vs. 8.884 (PO) and 7.627 vs. 8.425 (PKO). Older chickens had average increases in fat AMEn of 8.3 and 10.5% compared to the younger ones. These responses present useful values for poultry feed formulation.
References
AOCS., 1995. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS. 4th Edn., American Oil Chemists' Society, Chicago, IL., USA.
Artman, N.R., 1964. Interactions of fats and fatty acids as energy sources for the chick. Poult. Sci., 43: 994-1004.
AOAC., 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC., USA., Pages: 684.
AOAC., 2000. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 17th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC., USA., Pages: 234.
AOAC International, 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Edn., AOAC International, Rockville, Maryland, ISBN: 9780935584752.
Carew, Jr. L.B. and F.W. Hill, 1964. Effect of corn oil on metabolic efficiency of energy utilization by chicks. J. Nutr., 83: 293-299.
Carew, Jr. L.B., R.H. Machemer Jr., R.W. Sharp and D.C. Foss, 1972. Fat absorption by the very young chick. Poult. Sci., 51: 738-742.
Cera, K.R., D.C. Mahan and G.A. Reinhart, 1989. Postweaning swine performance and serum profile responses to supplemental medium-chain free fatty acids and tallow. J. Anim. Sci., 67: 2048-2055.
Dozier, III W.A., B.J. Kerr, A. Corzo, M.T. Kidd, T.E. Weber and K. Bregendahl, 2008. Apparent metabolizable energy of glycerin for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 87: 317-322.
Escribano, F., B.E. Rahn and J.L. Sell, 1988. Development of lipase activity in yolk membrane and pancreas of young turkeys. Poult. Sci., 67: 1089-1097.
Freitas, E.R., N.K. Sakomura, R. Neme and A.L. dos Santos, 2005. [Energetic value of soybean acid oil in poultry nutrition]. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 40: 241-246, (In Portuguese).
Gaiotto, J.B., J.F.M. Menten, A.M.C. Racanicci and M.C. Iafigliola, 2001. [Soybean oil, acidulated soapstock, beef tallow and mixtures of fat sources in broilers diets]. Revista Brasileira Ciencia Avicola, 2: 219-227, (In Portuguese).
Jeanson, S.E. and T.F. Kellogg, 1992. Ontogeny of taurocholate accumulation in the terminal ileal mucosal cells of young chicks. Poult. Sci., 71: 367-372.
Katongole, J.B.D. and B.E. March, 1980. Fat utilization in relation to intestinal fatty acid binding protein and bile salts in chicks of different ages and different genetic sources. Poult. Sci., 59: 819-827.
Krogdahl, A., 1985. Digestion and absorption of lipids in poultry. J. Nutr., 115: 675-685.
Leeson, S. and J.O. Atteh, 1995. Utilization of fats and fatty acids by turkey poults. Poult. Sci., 74: 2003-2010.
Nir, I. and M. Levanon, 1993. Research note: Effect of posthatch holding time on performance and on residual yolk and liver composition. Poult. Sci., 72: 1994-1997.
Noy, Y. and D. Sklan, 1995. Digestion and absorption in the young chick. Poult. Sci., 73: 366-373.
Noy, Y. and D. Sklan, 1998. Metabolic responses to early nutrition. J. Applied Poult. Res., 7: 437-451.
NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 9780309048927, Pages: 176.
Pena, J.E.M., S.L. Vieira, L. Borsatti, C. Pontin and H.V. Rios, 2014. Energy utilization of by-products from the soybean oil industry by broiler chickens: Acidulated soapstock, lecithin, glycerol and their mixture. Revista Brasileira Ciencia Avicola, 16: 437-442.
Renner, R. and F.W. Hill, 1961. Factors affecting the absorbability of saturated fatty acids in the chick. J. Nutr., 74: 254-258.
SAS., 2009. SAS User's Guide. Version 9.2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC., USA.
Sell, J.L., A. Krogdahl and N. Hanyu, 1986. Influence of age on utilization of supplemental fats by young turkeys. Poult. Sci., 65: 546-554.
Smits, C.H.M., P.J. Moughan and A.C. Beynen, 2000. The inhibitory effect of a highly viscous carboxymethylcellulose on dietary fat digestibility in the growing chicken is dependent on the type of fat. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 83: 231-238.
Tukey, J.W., 1991. The philosophy of multiple comparisons. Stat. Sci., 6: 100-116.
Wiseman, J. and F. Salvador, 1989. Influence of age, chemical composition and rate of inclusion on the apparent metabolisable energy of fats fed to broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci., 30: 653-662.
Wiseman, J. and F. Salvador, 1991. The influence of free fatty acid content and degree of saturation on the apparent metabolizable energy value of fats fed to broilers. Poult. Sci., 70: 573-582.
Wiseman, J. and M. Lessire, 1987. Interactions between fats of differing chemical content: Apparent metabolisable energy values and apparent fat availability. Br. Poult. Sci., 28: 663-676.
Wiseman, J., D.J.A. Cole, F.G. Perry, B.G. Vernon and B.C. Cooke, 1986. Apparent metabolisable energy values of fats for broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci., 27: 561-576.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
