Influence of Dietary Prebiotic Addition on Digestibility and Intestinal Microflora of Young Male Broiler Chickens Exposed to Delayed Feed Access after Hatch
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2012.408.416Keywords:
Broiler, delayed feed access, digestibility, intestinal microflora, prebioticAbstract
A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a dietary prebiotic for a period of 14 d on the intestinal microflora, Dry Matter (DM) and Organic Matter (OM) digestibility and growth performance of male broiler chicks Delayed to Feed Access (DFA) after hatch. One hundred forty four 1-d-old broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were randomly distributed into 6 groups with 8 replicate pens having 3 birds in each. A 2 x 3 factorial design was implemented. Six experimental groups were formed by two levels of dietary prebiotic supplementation (Control and Agrimos®, 1 kg/ton) and three periods of DFA (0-, 24- and 48- h). Depending on the time interval between arrival to the experimental site and feeding, holding chicks prior to free access to water and feed had a negative impact (p<0.001) on the body weight. At the end of the trial, these differences remained significant for body weight (p<0.05) and feed consumption (p<0.001) of chicks with DFA. DM digestibility reduced significantly (p<0.05) in birds exposed to 24- and 48-hour delay prior to feeding. A significant decrease (6.2 vs. 5.5 log10cfu/g) in Enterobacteriaceae (p<0.01) and increase (5.5 vs. 5.9 log10cfu/g) in Lactobacilli count was noted in prebiotic supplemented groups on d 7. Dietary prebiotic supplementation improved DM (p<0.05) and OM (p<0.05) digestibility significantly. Relative weight of intestine was reduced (p<0.05) in birds fasted for 24- and 48-h after hatch. Overall, dietary prebiotic supplementation helped broiler chicks to develop a healthier intestinal microflora and this may, in turn, inhibit the DFA resulted decrease of dry matter digestibility in early growing period. However, prebiotic inclusion to broiler diets may not be a protective management practice in preventing DFA-related growth depression of broiler chickens.
References
Alhota, R.A., 2011. Effects of early feed restriction during delayed placement on the performance and gut health of broilers. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.
AOAC, 2003. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Biggs, P., C.M. Parsons and G.C. Fahey, 2007. The effects of several oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. Poult. Sci., 86: 2327-2336.
Bigot, K., S. Mignon-Grasteau, M. Picard and S. Tesseraud, 2003. Effects of delayed feed intake on body, intestine and muscle development in neonate broilers. Poult. Sci., 82: 781-788.
Casteel, E.T., J.L. Wilson, R.J. Buhr and J.E. Sander, 1994. The influence of extended posthatch holding time and placement density on broiler performance. Poult. Sci., 73: 1679-1684.
Choi, K.H., H. Namkung and I.K. Paik, 1994. Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharides on the suppression of intestinal colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in broiler chickens. Korean J. Anim. Sci., 36: 271-284.
Cummings, J.H. and G.T. Macfarlane, 2002. Gastrointestinal effects of prebiotics. Br. J. Nutr., 87: S145-S151.
De Oliveira, J.E., Z. Uni and P.R. Ferket, 2008. Important metabolic pathways in poultry embryos prior to hatch. World Poult. Sci. J., 64: 488-499.
Dibner, J., 1999. Feeding hatchling poultry: Avoid any delay. Feed International, pp: 30-34.
Dibner, J.J., C.D. Knight, M.L. Kitchell, C.A. Atwell, A.C. Downs and F.J. Ivey, 1998. Early feeding and development of the immune system in neonatal poultry. J. Applied Poult. Res., 7: 425-436.
Gonzales, E., N. Kondo, E.S. Saldanha, M.M. Loddy, C. Careghi and E. Decuypere, 2003. Performance and physiological parameters of broiler chickens subjected to fasting on the neonatal period. Poult. Sci., 82: 1250-1256.
Hajati, H. and M. Rezaei, 2010. The application of prebiotics in poultry production. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9: 298-304.
Hartemink, R. and F.M. Rombouts, 1999. Comparison of media for the detection of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and total anaerobes from faecal samples. J. Microbiol. Meth., 36: 181-192.
Hooshmand, M., 2006. Effect of early feeding programs on broiler performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5: 1140-1143.
Hou, Q.L. and Q.S. Gao, 2001. Chitosan and Medicine. Shanghai Science Technology Press, Shanghai, China.
Houshmand, M., K. Azhar, I. Zulkifli, M.H. Bejo and A. Kamyab, 2012. Effects of non-antibiotic feed additives on performance, immunity and intestinal morphology of broilers fed different levels of protein. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 42: 22-32.
Huang, R.L., Y.L. Yin, G.Y. Wu, Y.G. Zhang and T.J. Li et al., 2005. Effect of dietary oligochitosan supplementation on ileal digestibility of nutrients and performance in broilers. Poult. Sci., 84: 1383-1388.
Kalavathy, R., N. Abdullah, S. Jalaludin and Y.W. Ho, 2003. Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids and weight of organs of broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 44: 139-144.
Kidd, M.T., J.W. Taylor, C.M. Page, B.D. Lott and T.N. Chamblee, 2007. Hatchery feeding of starter diets to broiler chicks. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 16: 234-239.
Kim, G.B., Y.M. Seo, C.H. Kim and I.K. Paik, 2011. Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance, intestinal microflora and immune response of broilers. Poult Sci., 90: 75-82.
Li, X., L. Qiang, Liu and C. Xu, 2008. Effects of supplementation of fructooligosaccharide and/or Bacillus subtilis to diets on performance and on intestinal microflora in broilers. Archiv. Fur Tierzucht, 51: 64-70.
Moore, D.T., P.R. Ferket and P.E. Mozdziak, 2005. The effect of early nutrition on satellite cell dynamics in the young turkey. Poult. Sci., 84: 748-756.
Noy, Y. and D. Sklan, 1999. Different types of early feeding and performance in chicks and poults. J. Applied Poult. Res., 8: 16-24.
Noy, Y., A. Geyra and D. Sklan, 2001. The effect of early feeding on growth and small intestinal development in the posthatch poult. Poult. Sci., 80: 912-919.
Oli, M.W., B.W. Petschow and R.K. Buddington, 1998. Evaluation of fructooligosaccharide supplementation of oral electrolyte solutions for treatment of diarrhea (Recovery of the Intestinal Bacteria). Dig. Dis. Sci., 43: 138-147.
Pelicano, E.R.L., P.A. Souza, H.B.A. Souza, D.F. Figueiredo, M.M. Boiago, S.R. Carvalho and V.F. Bordon, 2005. Intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens fed natural growth promoters. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic., 7: 221-229.
Pelicia, K., A.A. Mendes, E.S.P.B. Saldanha, C.C. Pizzolante and S.E. Takahashi et al., 2004. Use of prebiotics and probiotics of bacterial and yeast origin for free-range broiler chickens. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 6: 163-169.
Pinchasov, Y. and Y. Noy, 1993. Comparison of post-hatch holding time and subsequent early performance of broiler chicks and turkey poults. Br. Poult. Sci., 34: 111-120.
Piray, A.H., H. Kermanshahi, A.M. Tahmasbi and J. Bahrampour, 2007. Effects of cecal cultures and aspergillus meal prebiotic (fermacto) on growth performance and organ weights of broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 6: 340-344.
Rehman, H., P. Hellweg, D. Taras and J. Zentek, 2008. Effects of dietary inulin on the intestinal short chain fatty acids and microbial ecology in broiler chickens as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Poult. Sci., 87: 783-789.
Rehman, H., C. Rosenkranz, J. Bohm and J. Zentek, 2007. Dietary inulin affects the morphology but not the sodium-dependent glucose and glutamine transport in the jejunum of broilers. Poult. Sci., 86: 118-122.
Saki, S.A., 2005. Effect of post-hatch feeding on broiler performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4: 4-6.
Spring, P., C. Wenk, K.A. Dawson and K.E. Newman, 2000. The effects of dietary mannaoligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the ceca of salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 79: 205-211.
SAS, 2001. SAS/STAT Users Guide for Personal Computers Release. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC., USA.
Steel, R.G.D., J.H. Torrie and D.A. Dickey, 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 3rd Edn., McGraw-Hill Co., New York, USA., ISBN: 9780070610286, Pages: 666.
Uni, Z., A. Smirnov and D. Sklan, 2003. Pre- and posthatch development of goblet cells in the broiler small intestine: Effect of delayed access to feed. Poult. Sci., 82: 320-327.
Lan, Y., M.W.A. Verstegen, S. Tamminga and B.A. Williams, 2005. The role of the commensal gut microbial community in broiler chickens. World's Poult. Sci., 61: 95-104.
Waldroup, A.L, J.T. Skinner, R.E. Hierholzer and P.W. Waldroup, 1993. An evaluation of fructooligosaccharide in diets for broiler chickens and effects on salmonellae contamination of carcasses. Poult. Sci., 72: 643-650.
Wu, G., 1998. Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism. J. Nutr., 128: 1249-1252.
Wang, X.W., Y.G. Du, X.F. Bai and S.G. Li, 2003. The effect of oligochitosan on broiler gut flora, microvilli density, immune function and growth performance. Acta Zoonutr. Sin., 15: 32-45.
Williams, J., S. Mallet, M. Leconte, M. Lessire and I. Gabriel, 2008. The effects of fructo-oligosaccharides or whole wheat on the performance and digestive tract of broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 49: 329-339.
Xu, Z.R., C.H. Hu, M.S. Xia, X.A. Zhan and M.Q. Wang, 2003. Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers. Poult. Sci., 82: 1030-1036.
Yang, Y., P.A. Iji, A. Kocher, E. Thomson, L.L. Mikkelsen and M. Choct, 2008. Effects of mannanoligosaccharide in broiler chicken diets on growth performance, energy utilisation, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora. Br. Poult. Sci., 49: 186-194.
Yegani, M. and D.R. Korver, 2008. Factors affecting intestinal health in poultry. Poult. Sci., 87: 2052-2063.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
