Morphological and Zootechnical Characterization of the Local Chicken in the Urban Area of Abéché
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2023.5.11Keywords:
Abéché, animal protein, Chad, chicken production, growth performance, local chickenAbstract
Background and Objective: In developing countries, indigenous chicken production is very important as the first source of animal protein supply for the rural populations and a good income source for the rural farmer, particularly for women. The purpose of this study was to characterize the local chickens in the city of Abéché based on their morphological and production traits. Materials and Methods: This survey study was conducted in Abéché areas by using a structured questionnaire. A total, 44 households participated in the interview and 424 indigenous chickens were inventoried. The data collection focused mainly on the demographic data of farmers, the management of the flock, farming objectives, egg incubation, brooding procedures, the characteristics of the plumages and the color of the eyes, the color and the shape of the beak barbel, the crest and the legs color. Results: Results indicated that chicken farming was practiced largely by men and illiterates. The first farming objective was for family consumption and sales (52.16%), the second objective was for family consumption (25.27%) whilst the third objective was for sale only (22.57%). The criteria used for selection of breed of indigenous chicken was mainly based on growth performance, plumage color and hardiness. The average age of the first egg of the local chickens was 6.4 months but the average egg number laid per hen per clutch was 11.48±0.32 with 40.91±1.23 eggs per year and 3.56 clutches per hen per year. The hatchability of eggs from an indigenous chicken was 77.27%. The native chicken of the Abéché area had a partridge plumage color, black-brown eye and gray beak and tarsi colors. But the barbel and crest were red. The form of the barbel was round and the ridge type was simple. Conclusion: Traditional poultry farming in the Abeche shows phenotypic diversity and requires molecular characterization to improve production.
References
Gueye, E.F., 2000. The role of family poultry in poverty alleviation, food security and the promotion of gender equality in rural Africa. Outlook Agric., 29: 129-136.
Desha, N.H., M.S.A. Bhuiyan, F. Islam and A.K.F.H. Bhuiyan, 2021. Non-genetic factors affecting growth performance of indigenous chicken in rural villages. J. Trop. Resour. Sustainable Sci. (JTRSS), 4: 122-127.
Zaman, M.A., P. Sørensen and M.A.R. Howlider, 2004. Egg production performances of a breed and three crossbreeds under semi-scavenging system of management. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 16, No. 8.
Granevitze, Z., J. Hillel, G.H. Chen, N.T.K. Cuc, M. Feldman, M. Eding and S. Weigend, 2007. Genetic diversity within chicken populations from different continents and management histories. Anim. Genet., 38: 576-583.
INSEED, 2009. Le deuxième recensement généRal de la population et de L'habitat (RGPH2) de 2009. Ministère de L'Économie, de la Planification du Développement et de la Coopération Internationale. https://bit.ly/3ehNA6T
Mekonnen, G.E.M., 2007. Characterization of smallholder poultry production and marketing system of Dale, Wonsho and Loka Abaya weredas of southern Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis, Hawassa University, Ethiopia
INFPD/FAO/IFAD, 2011. Opportunities of poultry breeding programmes for family production in developing countries: The bird for the poor. Proceedings of an E-Conference, 24 January-18 February 2011 INFPD/FAO/IFAD, 1-125.
Dana, N., L.H. van der Waaij, T. Dessie and J.A.M. van Arendonk, 2010. Production objectives and trait preferences of village poultry producers of Ethiopia: Implications for designing breeding schemes utilizing indigenous chicken genetic resources. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 42: 1519-1529.
Larbi, M.B., N. M'hamdi and B. Haddad, 2013. Indigenous chicken production systems in villages in the south of Tunisia. Livestock Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 25.
Tadelle, D., C. Kijora and K.J. Peters, 2003. Indigenous chicken ecotypes in Ethiopia: Growth and feed utilization potentials. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 2: 144-152.
Halima, H., F.W.C. Neser, E. van Marle-Koster and A. de Kock, 2007. Village-based indigenous chicken production system in North-West Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 39: 189-197.
Tadele, A., 2019. Indigenous chicken production environments, reproductive and productive performances and constraints in Kaffa zone, South Western Ethiopia. J. Dairy & Vet. Sci., Vol. 11.
Magothe, T.M., T.O. Okeno, W.B. Muhuyi and A.K. Kahi, 2012. Indigenous chicken production in Kenya: I. Current status World's Poultry Science Journal 68: 119-132.
Addisu, H., M. Hailu and W. Zewdu, 2013. Indigenous chicken production system and breeding practice in north Wollo, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Poult., Fish. & Wildl. Sci., Vol. 1, No. 2.
Yadessa, E., D. Tulu, A. Bogale, G. Mengistu and M. Aleme et al., 2017. Characterization of smallholder poultry production systems in Mezhenger, Sheka and Benchi-Maji zones of south western Ethiopia. Acad. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Res., 5: 10-19.
Dana, N., T. Dessie, L.H. van der Waaij and J.A.M. van Arendonk, 2010. Morphological features of indigenous chicken populations of Ethiopia. Anim. Genet. Resour., 46: 11-23.
Moreda, E., H. Singh, T. Sisaye and A.M. Johansson, 2014. Phenotypic characterization of indigenous chicken population in south west and south part of Ethiopia. Br. J. Poult. Sci., 3: 15-19.
Egahi, J.O., N.I. Dim, O.M. Momoh and D.S. Gwaza, 2010. Variations in qualitative traits in the Nigerian local chicken. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9: 978-979.
Guni, F.S. and A.M. Katule, 2013. Characterization of local chickens in selected districts of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania: I. Qualitative characters. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 25, No. 9.
Rajkumar, U., S. Haunshi, C. Paswan, M.V.L.N. Raju, S.V.R. Rao and R.N. Chatterjee, 2017. Characterization of indigenous Aseel chicken breed for morphological, growth, production and meat composition traits from India. Poult. Sci., 96: 2120-2126.
Dao, B, A. Kossoga, Y. Lombo, S. Ekoué, E Talaki, G.K. Dayo and B. Bonfoh, 2015. Caracterisation phenotypique des populations locales de poulets (Gallus gallus domesticus) au Togo. Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr., 63: 15-33.
Yacouba, Z., G.B. Isidore, H. Isidore, K. Michel and T. Boureima et al., 2021. Morpho-biometric evaluation of the genetic diversity of local chicken ecotypes in four regions (centre-east, sahel, entre-north and south-west) Of Burkina Faso. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 20: 231-242.
Hassan, O.M., C.K. Tiambo, S. Issa, K. Hima, M.L.I. Adamou and Y. Bakasso, 2020. Morpho-biometric characterization of local chicken population in Niger. GSC Bio. Pharm. Sci., 13: 211-224.
Faruque, S., N. Siddiquee, M. Afroz and M. Islam, 1970. Phenotypic characterization of native chicken reared under intensive management system. J. Bangladesh Agric. Uni., 8: 79-82.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
