Nutraceutical Effect of Ganoderma lucidum Fungus on Neonatal Broilers Diet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2019.641.647Keywords:
Biological response, broiler, cecal pH, fungus, secondary metaboliteAbstract
Background and Objective: The daily use of sub-therapeutic antibiotics in birds causes microbial resistance and cross resistance to other microorganisms, which directly affects poultry production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutraceutical effect of the Ganoderma lucidum fungus on growth performance, relative weight of the visceral organs and the count of cecal lactic acid bacteria of neonatal broilers. Materials and Methods: Three experimental treatments were applied: a basal diet (T0); T0+0.25% of Ganoderma lucidum and T0+0.50% of Ganoderma lucidum. Results: Supplementation with Ganoderma lucidum did not change the initial body weight, viability, feed intake and feed conversion, however, the addition of 0.25% promoted a higher body weight compared to the control. Also, this natural product significantly reduced (p<0.05) the relative weight of the liver, thymus, small intestine and large intestine, without differences (p>0.05) for the other organs. In addition, the dietary use of this fungus up to 0.5% did not modify irregular white bacilli, green bacilli with white halo and white coccus. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with 0.25% improved the body weight of the broilers, without modifying the feed intake and feed conversion, as well as modified some digestive and immune organs, although without changes for the count of the cecal lactic acid bacteria.
References
Urrutia, M.E.S., F.E.M. Castañeda, J.A.E. García and G.B. Rodríguez, 2017. Contribución del sector pecuario a la economía mexicana. Un análisis desde la matriz insumo producto. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecuarias, 8: 31-41.
Mottet, A. and G. Tempio, 2017. Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges. World Poult. Sci., 73: 245-256.
Dussaillant, C., G. Echeverría, J. Rozowski, N. Velasco, A. Arteaga and A. Rigotti, 2017. Consumo de huevo y enfermedad cardiovascular: una revisión de la literatura científica. Nutr. Hosp., 34: 710-718.
Gallo, C.S. and T.G. Tadich, 2018. Perspective from Latin America. In: Advances in Agricultural Animal Welfare, Mench, J.A. (Ed.)., Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK., pp: 197-218.
Davis, G.S., K. Waits, L. Nordstrom, H. Grande and B. Weaver et al., 2018. Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from retail poultry meat with different antibiotic use claims. BMC Microbiol., Vol. 18.
Silley, P. and B. Stephan, 2017. Prudent use and regulatory guidelines for veterinary antibiotics-politics or science? J. Applied Microbiol., 123: 1373-1380.
Liu, T., Q. Ma, L. Zhao, R. Jia, J. Zhang, C. Ji and X. Wang, 2016. Protective effects of sporoderm-broken spores of ganderma lucidum on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function of broiler chickens exposed to low level of aflatoxin B1. Toxins, Vol. 8, No. 10.
Bederska-Łojewska, D., S. Świątkiewicz and B. Muszyńska, 2017. The use of Basidiomycota mushrooms in poultry nutrition-A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 230: 59-69.
Wadt, N.S.Y., M.K.H. Okamoto, E.M.B. Hi and E.E. Bach, 2015. Chemical, toxicological, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial evaluation of ganoderma lucidum extracts. Emirates J. Food Agric., 27: 577-584.
Zhu, Q., T.H. Bang, K. Ohnuki, T. Sawai, K. Sawai and K. Shimizu, 2015. Inhibition of neuraminidase by Ganoderma triterpenoids and implications for neuraminidase inhibitor design. Sci. Rep., Vol. 5.
Ogbe, A.O. and J.P. Affiku, 2012. Effect of polyherbal aqueous extracts (Moringa oleifera, Gum arabic and wild Ganoderma lucidum) in comparison with antibiotic on growth performance and haematological parameters of broiler chickens. Res. J. Recent Sci., 1: 10-18.
Bell, I.S., Y.M. Aguilar, R.R. Bertot, C.O. González and R.A. Ginarte et al., 2017. Effects of supplementation with powder from various medicinal plants on productivity and quality of eggs from laying hens. J. Anim. Prod., 29: 1-5.
Aroche, R., Y. Martinez, Z. Ruan, G. Guan and S. Waititu et al., 2018. Dietary inclusion of a mixed powder of medicinal plant leaves enhances the feed efficiency and immune function in broiler chickens. J. Chem., Vol. 2018.
Duncan, D.B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
SPSS., 2012. SPSS Statistics for Windows. Version 17.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Jayachandran, M., J. Xiao and B. Xu, 2017. A critical review on health promoting benefits of edible mushrooms through gut microbiota. Int. J. Mol. Sci., Vol. 18.
Hahn, T.W., J.D. Lohakare, S.L. Lee, W.K. Moon and B.J. Chae, 2006. Effects of supplementation of β-glucans on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immunity in weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 1422-1428.
Torki, M., D. Schokker, M.D. Lensing and M.M.V. Krimpen, 2018. Effect of nutritional interventions with quercetin, oat hulls, β-glucans, lysozyme and fish oil on performance and health status related parameters of broilers chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 59: 579-590.
Zolj, S., M.P. Smith, J.C. Goines, T.S. Ali, M.O. Huff, D.L. Robinson and J.M. Lau, 2018. Antiproliferative effects of a triterpene-enriched extract from lingzhi or reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), on human lung cancer cells. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 20: 1173-1183.
Kang, Q., S. Chen, S. Li, B. Wang, X. Liu, L. Hao and J. Lu, 2019. Comparison on characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum by ultrasound and conventional extraction. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 124: 1137-1144.
Willis, W.L., O.S. Isihuemhen, S. Hurley and E.I. Ohimain, 2011. Effect of phase feeding supplemental fungus myceliated grain on oocyst excretion and performance of broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10: 1-3.
Aguilar, Y.M., O.M. Yero, G. Liu, W. Ren and R.R. Bertot et al., 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation with Anacardium occidentale on growth performance and immune and visceral organ weights in replacement laying pullets. J. Food Agric. Environ., 11: 1352-1357.
Fang, J., Y. Martinez, C. Deng, D. Zhu, H. Peng, H. Jiang and A. Li, 2017. Effects of dietary enzymolysis products of wheat gluten on the growth performance, serum biochemical, immune and antioxidant status of broilers. Food Agric. Immunol., 28: 1155-1167.
Jiménez-Moreno, E., J.M. González-Alvarado, A. de Coca-Sinova, R.P. Lázaro, L. Cámara and G.G. Mateos, 2019. Insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellets diets for young broilers. 2. Effects on gastrointestinal tract development and nutrient digestibility. Poult. Sci., 98: 2531-2547.
Latorre, J.D., X. Hernandez-Velasco, V.A. Kuttappan, R.E. Wolfenden and J.L. Vicente et al., 2015. Selection of Bacillus spp. for cellulase and xylanase production as direct-fed microbials to reduce digesta viscosity and Clostridium perfringens proliferation using an in vitro digestive model in different poultry diets. Front. Vet. Sci., Vol. 2.
Khan, S.H., N. Mukhtar and J. Iqbal, 2018. Role of mushroom as dietary supplement on performance of poultry. J. Dietary Suppl., 16 : 611-624.
Niewold, T.A., 2007. The nonantibiotic anti-inflammatory effect of antimicrobial growth promoters, the real mode of action? A hypothesis. Poult. Sci., 86: 605-609.
Hassan, H.M.A., A.W. Youssef, H.M. Ali and M.A. Mohamed, 2015. Adding phytogenic material and/or organic acids to broiler diets: Effect on performance, nutrient digestibility and net profit. Asian J. Poult. Sci., 9: 97-105.
O’Brien, K. and A. Sali, 2017. Additional Therapies and Innovative Technologies. In: A Clinician’s Guide to Integrative Oncology, O’Brien, K. and A. Sali (Eds.)., Springer, Switzerland AG., pp: 231-303.
Lee, M.T., W.C. Lin and T.T. Lee, 2019. Potential crosstalk of oxidative stress and immune response in poultry through phytochemicals-A review. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 32: 309-319.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
