Using T Cell Lymphokines of Hyperimmunized Chickens with Salmonella enteritidis to Protect Neonatal Broiler Chicks Against Infectious Bronchitis Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2018.493.498Keywords:
ELISA, immune lymphokines, infectious bronchitis, Salmonella enteritidis, viral loadAbstract
Objective: The present study was designed to reduce infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infections in broiler chickens because commercial vaccines are not able to provide absolute protection due to the absence of cross immunity between strains, as well as recurrent genetic mutations of IBV. Salmonella-immune lymphokines (S-ILK) from hyperimmunized birds with Salmonella enteritidis were used to enhance the immune resistance of broiler chicks and to reduce the replication of IBV in infected tissues. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 250 one-day-old broiler chicks divided into five groups. All groups were treated on the first day as follows: G1: Injected with 0.5 mL S-ILK intraperitoneally and after 30 min challenged with 0.1 mL IBV (variant 2 isolate), G2: Injected with 0.5 mL salmonella-nonimmune lymphokines (S-NILK) intraperitoneally and after 30 min challenged with 0.1 mL IBV (variant 2 isolate), G3: Only injected with 0.5 mL S -ILK intraperitoneally without challenge with IBV, G4: Only challenged with 0.1 mL IBV (variant 2 isolate) and G5: Not injected and not challenged, considered a negative control group. Results: The results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the antibody titer of all treated groups. G1 showed a moderately significant increase in the antibody titer and the number of RNA copies of IBV, as well as the lowest morbidity and mortality rates during the trial period. G4 , followed by G2, recorded a highly significant increase (p<0.05) in the antibody titer and number of RNA copies of IBV as well as high morbidity and mortality rates compared to G3 and G5, which did not record any result due to non-exposure to IBV. Conclusion: It is concluded that giving S-ILK at an early age enhances maternal immunity against IBV infection and prevents viral replication in the tracheal tissue after challenge with IBV (variant 2 isolate). We thus can save time, effort and resources in vaccination operations that do not provide absolute protection against IBV infections.
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