Combination of Xylanase and Bacillus Direct-fed Microbials, as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters, Improves Live Performance and Gut Health in Subclinical Challenged Broilers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2018.362.366Keywords:
Broiler, Clostridium perfringens, direct-fed microbial, Eimeria, xylanaseAbstract
Objective: This study evaluated the effect of xylanase, Bacillus direct-fed microbials (DFM) and their combination on performance under a mild, subclinical challenge with two Eimeria species and Clostridium perfringens in broilers raised to 42 days. Materials and Methods: A total of 6 dietary treatments were used throughout the trial. Diets were supplemented with one of the following; no xylanase or Bacillus (control), xylanase only, Bacillus L. only, Bacillus A. only, xylanase plus Bacillus L. or xylanase plus Bacillus A. Data were analyzed as randomized complete block design. Results: When compared to control at 42 days, the xylanase, Bacillus L. and Bacillus A. improved (p<0.05) BW gain by 93, 94 and 53 g, respectively and FCR by 4, 4 and 6 points, respectively. When compared to control at 42 days, the combination of xylanase and Bacillus L. or Bacillus A. improved (p<0.05) BW gain by 142 or 147 g, respectively and FCR by 9 or 11 points, respectively. The combination of xylanase and Bacillus L. or Bacillus A. reduced (p<0.05) BW coefficient of variation from 15.09% (control) to 8.27 or 8.22%, respectively at 42 days. The combination of xylanase and Bacillus L. or Bacillus A. reduced (p<0.05) gross lesion scores in small intestine and C. perfringens count at 42 days compared to control. Conclusion: Results suggest that xylanase and Bacillus alone may improve broiler performance and reduce the severity of intestinal lesions due to Eimeria and C. perfringens challenges and that the effect of xylanase and Bacillus DFM are additive.
References
Dibner, J.J. and J.D. Richards, 2005. Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: History and mode of action. Poult. Sci., 84: 634-643.
Lekshmi, M., P. Ammini, S. Kumar and M.F. Varela, 2017. The food production environment and the development of antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens of animal origin. Microorganisms, Vol. 5, No. 1.
Slominski, B.A., 2011. Recent advances in research on enzymes for poultry diets. Poult. Sci., 90: 2013-2023.
Bedford, M.R. and H.L. Classen, 1992. Reduction of intestinal viscosity through manipulation of dietary rye and pentosanase concentration is effected through changes in the carbohydrate composition of the intestinal aqueous phase and results in improved growth rate and food conversion efficiency of broiler chicks. J. Nutr., 122: 560-569.
Meng, X., B.A. Slominski, C.M. Nyachoti, L.D. Campbell and W. Guenter, 2005. Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance. Poult. Sci., 84: 37-47.
Bedford, M.R. and A.J. Cowieson, 2012. Exogenous enzymes and their effects on intestinal microbiology. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 173: 76-85.
Courtin, C.M., W.F. Broekaert, K. Swennen, O. Lescroart and O. Onagbesan et al., 2008. Dietary inclusion of wheat bran arabinoxylooligosaccharides induces beneficial nutritional effects in chickens. Cereal Chem., 85: 607-613.
Seo, J.K., S.W. Kim, M.H. Kim, S.D. Upadhaya, D.K. Kam and J.K. Ha, 2010. Direct-fed microbials for ruminant animals. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 23: 1657-1667.
Lee, K.W., H.S. Lillehoj, S.I. Jang, G.X. Li, S.H. Lee, E.P. Lillehoj and G.R. Siragusa, 2010. Effect of Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials on Eimeria maxima infection in broiler chickens. Compa. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 33: e105-e110.
Deniz, G., A. Orman, F. Cetinkaya, H. Gencoglu, Y. Meral and I.I. Turkmen, 2011. Effects of probiotic (Bacillus subtilis DSM 17299) supplementation on the caecal microflora and performance in broiler chickens. Rev. Med. Vet., 162: 538-545.
Walsh, M.C., L.F. Romero, S.E. Indrakumar and V. Ravindran, 2013. Influence of combinations of a direct-fed microbial and exogenous enzymes on the growth performance and feed efficiency of broilers. Poult. Sci., 92(E-Suppl. 1): 87-87.
Murugesan, G.R. and M.E. Persia, 2013. Effects of exogenous enzymes and direct-fed microbials on performance, energy utilization and body composition of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 92(E-Suppl. 1): 10-10.
Murugesan, G.R., I.V. Wesley, J. Remus, P.W. Plumstead and M.E. Persia, 2013. Effects of exogenous enzymes and direct-fed microbials supplementation on first-cycle laying hen performance, energy digestibility, gut integrity and pathogen colonization. Poult. Sci., 92(E-Suppl. 1): 11-11.
FASS, 2010. Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching. 3rd Edn., Federation of Animal Science Societies, Champaign, Illinois, ISBN: 9781884706110, Pages: 169.
NRC, BA and SPN, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC, United State, ISBN-13: 978-0309048927, Pages: 176.
SAS., 2011. The SAS System for Windows 7. Release 9.3. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Zhang, Z.F. and I.H. Kim, 2014. Effects of multistrain probiotics on growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, cecal microbial shedding and excreta odor contents in broilers. Poult. Sci., 93: 364-370.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
