Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Different Levels of Palm Pollen on the Physiological Performance of the Broiler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2018.285.289Keywords:
Blood enzyme, blood lipids, broiler, calcium, Palm pollen, Phoenix sylvestris, phosphorus, physiological performanceAbstract
Objective: This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Palm pollen on the levels of lipids, proteins, enzymes, glucose, phosphorus, calcium and uric acid concentrations in the blood of broilers. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six chicks of the Ross 308 breed of both sexes, with an initial weight of 38 g/chick, were used. Chicks were distributed randomly into 4 treatment groups with 3 replicates (8 birds/replicate). Experimental treatments were divided as follows: T1-Control, T2-diet supplemented with palm pollen 200 g/100 kg, T3-diet supplemented with palm pollen 400 g/100 kgt and T4-diet supplemented with palm pollen 600 g/100 kg. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used to investigate the effects of the studied treatments on different traits. Results: The plasma lipid panel indicated that there were no significant differences among treatments for all characteristics in the 3rd and 5th weeks of the experiment, except for cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the 3rd week, where the supplemented treatment resulted in a significant decrease for these characteristics. The results of the blood enzyme test indicated that T1 resulted in significantly increased (p<0.05) levels compared to the other treatments in the 3rd week of the experiment. The results also show that there were no significant differences among treatments in the 5th week of the experiment when measuring aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but it was found that there were significant differences when measuring alanine amino transferase (ALT), where T3 was higher than the rest of the treatments in the 3rd week of the study. It is worthwhile to mention that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) for the supplementing treatments in the 5th week when measuring blood glucose. The uric acid concentration showed significantly higher results (p<0.05) for T1 than the rest of the treatments. It was also found that calcium was significantly higher for T4 in the 3rd week of the study, while phosphorus was significantly higher for all supplementing treatments in the 3rd week of the study. Conclusion: The addition of palm pollen to the diet improved all the qualities studied.
References
Al-Jarallah, K.K.H., 2001. Effect of planting dates and nitrogen fertilization on the quantity and quantity of active ingredient of anise plant (Pimpinella anisum L.). Master Thesis, Department of Field Crops Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
Qutb and F. Taha, 1988. The Medicinal Plants Cultivation and their Components. 1st Edn., House of Mars for Printing and Publishing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Erhaem, S.H., 2014. Effect difrent proportion of date palm pollen suspention on overian function and egg proprtise in laying hens. Euphrates J. Agric. Sci., 6: 98-103.
Kroyer, G. and N. Hegedus, 2001. Evaluation of bioactive properties of pollen extracts as functional dietary food supplement. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 2: 171-174.
Hassan, H.M.M., 2011. Chemical composition and nutritional value of palm pollen grains. Global J. Biotechnol. Biochem., 6: 1-7.
Kikuchi, N. and T. Miki, 1978. The separation of date (Phoenix dactylifera) sterols by liquid chromatography. Mikrochimica Acta, 2: 89-96.
Reshod, A. and M. Al-Shagrawi, 1998. Enzyme activities, lipid functions and fatty acid composition in male rat fed palm pollen grains (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Res. Bull., 79: 5-18.
Lotito, S.B. and B. Frei, 2006. Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and increased plasma antioxidant capacity in humans: Cause, consequence, or epiphenomenon? Free Radic. Biol. Med., 41: 1727-1746.
Elberry, A.A., S.T. Mufti, J.A. Al-Maghrabi, E.A. Abdel-Sattar, O.M. Ashour, S.A. Ghareib and H.A. Mosli, 2011. Anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera) on experimentally-induced atypical prostatic hyperplasia in rats. J. Inflamm., Vol. 8, No. 1.
NRC, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academic Press, Washington, DC., USA., Pages: 120.
SAS., 2012. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 9.4, SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Duncan, D.B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
Al-Shammary, F.A.S., 2017. Influence of palm pollen supplementation with diet on productive performance and some physiological traits in laying hens lohmann brown. Ph.D. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.
Oakenfull, D. and G.S. Sidhu, 1990. Could saponins be a useful treatment for hypercholesterolaemia? Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 44: 79-88.
Liu, M.J., Z. Wang, Y. Ju, R.N.S. Wong and Q.Y. Wu, 2005. Diosgenin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells with the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 55: 79-90.
Chang, J.J., T.H. Chen and Y.T. Chem, 2004. Inhibitory effect of tauniderivatives on HMG-COA reductase in vitro cells. Pharmacology, 62: 224-228.
Sturkie, P.D., 1986. Avian Physiology. 4th Edn., Springer-Verlag, New York.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
