Effect of Phytase Supplementation on the Digestibility of Crude Protein, Amino Acids and Phosphorus of Cowpea (Vignia unguiculata) in Broilers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2013.45.50Keywords:
Amino acids, broilers, crude protein, digestibility, phosphorus, phytaseAbstract
Cowpea contains phytate-P and other nutrients like amino acids which are poorly digested in broilers. Supplementation of such diets with microbial phytase helps to improve digestibility of these nutrients. In 2 experiments the effect of phytase supplementation on the digestibility of crude protein, amino acids and P of cowpea in broilers were investigated. Experiment One, had 6 diets in which 0, 150 or 300 g kg-1 cowpea replaced maize starch and 0 or 500 units of phytase enzyme (Natuphos), in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement to determine P digestibility and performance of the birds. Experiment Two, had similar diets as in experiment 1 with the objective to determine digestibility of CP and AAs. TiO2 was added as an indigestible marker in the diets and in each of the experiments a total of 288 1-day-old broiler chicks (Ross strain) were used. Phytase supplementation increased (p<0.05) digestibility of P from 55-67% and improved performance of the birds. Cowpea and its interaction with phytase had no significant effect on P digestibility, CP and AAs, except for arginine, glutamic acid and phenylalanine which were reduced (p<0.05). Phytase increased (p<0.05) digestibility of CP and cystine and reduced CP and AA losses on the basal level at zero intakes of CP and AAs. Results suggest that supplementation of cowpea based diets with microbial phytase improved the precaecal digestibility of P, CP and amino acids in broilers.
References
Adeola, O. and J.S. Sands, 2003. Does supplemental dietary microbial phytase improve amino acid utilization? A perspective that it does not. J. Anim. Sci., 81: E78-E85.
Applegate, T.J., B.C. Joern, D.L. Nussbaum-Wagler and R. Angel, 2003. Water soluble phosphorus in fresh broiler litter is dependent upon phosphorus concentration fed but not on fungal phytase supplementation. Poult. Sci., 82: 1024-1029.
Augspurger, N.R. and D.H. Baker, 2004. High dietary phytase levels maximize phytate-phosphorus utilization but do not affect protein utilization in chicks fed phosphorus or amino acid-deficient diets. J. Anim. Sci., 82: 1100-1107.
Augspurger, N.I., D.M. Webel, X.G. Lei and D.H. Baker, 2003. Efficacy of an E. coli phytase expressed in yeast for releasing phytate-bound phosphorus in young chicks and pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 81: 474-483.
Brana, D.V., M. Ellis, E.O. Castaneda, J.S. Sands and D.H. Baker, 2006. Effect of a novel phytase on growth performance, bone ash and mineral digestibility in nursery and grower-finisher pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 1839-1849.
Brandt, M. and S.M. Allam, 1987. Analytik von TiO2 im darminhalt und kot nach kjeldahlaufschluss. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 37: 453-454.
Cromwell, G.L., T.S. Stahly, R.D. Coffey, H.J. Monegue and J.H. Randolph, 1993. Efficacy of phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in soybean meal and corn-soybean meal diets for pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 71: 1831-1840.
Dilger, R.N., E.M. Onyango, J.S. Sands and O. Adeola, 2004. Evaluation of microbial phytase in broiler diets. Poult. Sci., 83: 962-970.
Iyayi, E.A., H. Kluth and M. Rodehutscord, 2008. Effect of heat treatment on antinutrients and precaecal crude protein digestibility in broilers of four tropical crop seeds. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 43: 610-616.
Iyayi, E.A., V.O. Taiwo and A.O. Fagbohun, 2005. Performance, carcass characteristics, haematological and histopathological studies of broilers fed mucuna (Mucuna utilis) bean meal based diets. Isr. J. Vet. Med., 60: 51-58.
Jendza, J.A., R.N. Dilger, S.A. Adedokun, J.S. Sands and O. Adeola, 2005. Escherichia coli phytase improves growth performance of starter, grower and finisher pigs fed phosphorus-deficient diets. J. Anim. Sci., 83: 1882-1889.
Jendza, J.A., R.N. Diliger, J.S. Sands and O. Adeola, 2006. Efficacy and equivalencey of an Escherichia coli-derived phytase for replacing inorganic phosphorus in the diets of broiler chickens and young pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 3364-3374.
Kies, A.K., K.H.F. van Hemert and W.C. Sauer, 2001. Effect of phytase on protein and amino acid digestibility and energy utilisation. World's Poult. Sci. J., 57: 109-129.
Lassen, S.F., J. Breinholt, P.R. Ostergaard, R. Brugger, A. Bischoff, M. Wyss and C.C. Fuglsang, 2001. Expression, gene cloning and characterization of five novel phytases from four basidiomycete fungi: Peniophora lycii, Agrocybe pediades, a Ceriporia sp. and Trametes pubescens. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 67: 4701-4707.
Naumann, C. and R. Bassler, 1997. Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. In: Methodenbuch, Band III, VDLUFA Verlag, Darmstadt, Germany, pp: 1-6.
Onyango, E.M., M.R. Bedford and O. Adeola, 2005. Efficacy of an evolved Escherichia coli phytase in diets of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 84: 248-255.
Pointillart, A., A. Fourdin and N. Fontaine, 1987. Importance of cereal phytase activity for phytate phosphorus utilization by growing pigs fed diets containing triticale or corn. J. Nutr., 113: 907-913.
Ravindran, V., S. Cabahug, G. Ravindra, P.H. Selle and W.L. Bryden, 2000. Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorous levels. II. Effects on apparent metabolisable energy, nutrient digestibility and nutrient retention. Br. Poult. Sci., 41: 193-200.
Rodehutscord, M., M. Kapocius, R. Timmler and A. Dieckmann, 2004. Linear regression approach to study amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 45: 85-92.
Selle, P.H., V. Ravindran, R.A. Caldwell and W.L. Bryden, 2000. Phytate and phytase: Consequences for protein utilisation. Nutr. Res. Rev., 13: 255-278.
Steel, R.G.D. and T.H. Trrie, 1980. Principle and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd Edn., McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, USA.
Zyla, K., J. Koreleski, S. Swiatkiewicz, A. Wikiera, M. Kujawski, J. Piironen and D.R. Ledoux, 2000. Effects of phosphorolytic and cell wall-degrading enzymes on the performance of growing broilers fed wheat-based diets containing different calcium levels. Poult. Sci., 79: 66-76.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
