Effect of Season and Dietary Protein Level on Some Haematological Parameters and Blood Biochemical Compositions of Three Broiler Strains
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2012.787.793Keywords:
Broiler strain, haematological and biochemical parameters, protein level, seasonAbstract
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of season (summer versus winter) and dietary protein level (high versus low) using three broiler strains (Ross, Cobb and Hubbard) on some physiological parameters; haematological parameters, haematological indices, serum metabolites and serum inorganic elements. Three hundred and sixty, one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks, were used during the summer and winter seasons, 120 from each strain. The number of chicks of each strain was divided into two groups, with six replicates (10 chicks per each). Group A of each strain was fed on a starter diet containing 23% crude protein for the first four weeks of age, replaced by a finisher diet containing 21% crude protein. Group B was fed on a starter diet containing 21% crude protein replaced by a finisher diet containing 19% crude protein. In both Cobb and Hubbard strains, the Packed Cell Volume (PCV) decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the summer season, whereas, it was significantly (P<0.05) increased in Ross strain during the same season. The haemoglobin concentration (Hb) decreased significantly (P<0.05) in Cobb strain during the summer. It was not significantly affected by the season in both Ross and Hubbard strains. The total red blood cells count (TRBC count) did not significantly affected by the season in the three experimental strains. The Mean Cell Volume (MCV) increased significantly (P<0.05) during the summer in Ross strain but it was not significantly affected by the season in both Cobb and Hubbard strains. The Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH) decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the summer in both Ross and Cobb strains but it was not significantly affected by the season in Hubbard strain. The Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the summer in the three experimental groups. Serum glucose concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the summer in both Ross and Hubbard strains but was not affected by the season in Cobb strain. The serum albumin concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the summer in Ross strain but was not significantly affected by the season in both Cobb and Hubbard strains. The results reflected that, serum sodium (Na), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were decreased significantly during the summer in all strains. The serum calcium (Ca) concentration decreased significantly during the summer in Cobb strain. Whereas, it was not significantly affected by the season in both Ross and Hubbard strains. Although there was broiler strain X protein level interaction effect on all of following physiological parameters; PCV, MCV, MCHC, serum glucose, serum albumin, serum Na, K, Ca and serum P, the level of dietary protein appeared to be has no significant effect on any of physiological parameters under investigation.
References
Abdelatif, A.M. and N.M. Elkhair, 2009. Effects of seasonal change in the thermal environment on physiological responses of unsexed broilers to dietary supplementation of antithyroid drug carbimazole. Middle East J. Sci. Res., 4: 122-126.
Adeyemo, G.O., A.D. Ologhobo and O.A. Adebiyi, 2010. The effect of graded levels of dietary methionine on the haematology and serum biochemistry of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9: 158-161.
Aengwanich, W., 2007. Effects of high environmental temperature on blood indices of Thai indigenous chickens, Thai indigenous chickens crossbred and broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 6: 427-430.
Aengwanich, W. and O. Chinrasri, 2002. Effect of heat stress on body temperature and hematological parameters in male layers. Thai J. Physiol. Sci., 15: 27-33.
Aengwanich, W. and O. Chinrasri, 2004. The effect of ascorbic acid on productive performance, red blood cell parameter and heterophil: Lymphocyte ratio in broilers under chronic heat stress. Thai. J. Vet. Med., 34: 103-110.
Aengwanich, W. and S. Simaraks, 2003. Comparative ability to tolerance heat between Thai native chickens and broilers under chronic heat stress. J. Thai Vet. Med. Assoc., 54: 39-48.
Agbede, J.O. and V.A. Aletor, 2003. Evaluation of fish meal replaced with leaf protein concentrate from glyricidia in diets for broiler-chicks: Effect on performance, muscle growth, haematology and serum metabolites. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 2: 242-250.
Ahmed, M.K., A.R. Barque, H. Nawaz and R.H. Siddique, 1994. Effect of varying energy and protein levels on the hematology of Japanese quails. Pak. Vet. J., 14: 200-202.
Ait-Boulahsen, A., J.D. Garlich and F.W. Edens, 1995. Potassium chloride improves the thermotolerance of chickens exposed to acute heat stress. Poult. Sci., 74: 75-87.
Alabi, M.O., D.O. Adejumo, F.A. Aderemi, T.E. Lawal and A.O. Oguntunji et al., 2008. Physiological responses of broiler chickens to oral supplementation with Telferia occidentalis leaf extracts at finisher phase. Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the Animal Science Association of Nigeria, September 15-19, 2008, ABU, Zaria, pp: 114-116.
Alam, M.S., N. Ahmed, M.A. Miah and R. Islam, 2004. Effect of supplemented dietary protein on certain haematological values and meat yield characteristics of broiler birds. Bangl. J. Vet. Med., 2: 121-123.
Arad, Z., J. Marder and U. Eylath, 1983. Serum electrolyte and enzyme responses to heat stress and dehydration in the fowl (Gallus domistecus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol., 74: 449-453.
Banerjee, G.C., 1992. Poultry. 3rd Edn., Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, India.
Belay, T. and R.G. Teeter, 1993. Broiler water balance and thermobalance during thermoneutral and high ambient temperature exposure. Poult. Sci., 72: 116-124.
Bogin, E., Y. Weisman and Y. Friedman, 1981. The effect of heat stress on the levels of certain blood constituents chickens. Refiah. Vet., 38: 98-104.
Bonnet, S., P.A. Geraert, M. Lessire, B. Carre and S. Guillaumin, 1997. Effect of high ambient temperature on feed digestibility in broilers. J. Poult. Sci., 76: 857-863.
Bunchasak, C., K. Poosuwan, R. Nukraew, K. Markvichitr and A. Choothesa, 2005. Effect of dietary protein on egg production and immunity responses of laying hens during peak production period. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4: 701-708.
Cahaner, A., 1990. Genotype by environment interactions in poultry. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, July 23-27, 1990, Edinburgh, pp: 13-20.
Comito, R.W., W.O. Reece, D.W. Trampel and K.J. Koehler, 2007. Acid-base balance of the domestic turkey during thermal panting. Poult. Sci., 86: 2649-2652.
Deaton, J.W., F.N. Reece and W.J. Tarver, 1969. Hematocrit, hemoglobin and plasma-protein levels of broilers reared under constant temperatures. Poult. Sci., 48: 1993-1996.
Deyhim, F., T. Belay and R.G. Teeter, 1990. The effect of heat distress on blood gas, plasma and urine concentration of Na, K and CI of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 69: 42-42.
Donkoh, A., C.C. Atuahene, D.M. Anang and S.K. Ofori, 1999. Chemical composition of solar-dried blood meal and its effect on performance of broiler chickens. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol., 81: 299-307.
Egbunike, G.N., E.A. Agiang, A.O. Owosibo and A.A. Fatufe, 2009. Effect of protein on performance and haematology of broilers fed cassava peel-based diets. Arch. Zootecnia, 58: 655-662.
El-Husseiny, O. and C.R. Creger, 1981. Effect of ambient temperature on mineral retention and balance of the broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 60: 165-165.
Faisal, B.A., S.A. Abdel-Fattah, Y.M. El-Hommosany, M.F.M. Ali and N.M. Abdel-Gawad, 2008. Immunocompetence, hepatic heat shock protein 70 and physiological responses to feed restriction and heat stress in two body weight lines of Japanese quail. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 174-183.
Huston, T.M., 1960. The effects of high environmental temperature upon blood constituents and thyroid activity of domestic fowl. Poult. Sci., 39: 1260-1260.
Huston, T.M., T.E. Cotton and J.L. Carmon, 1962. The influence of high environmental temperature on the oxygen consumption of mature domestic fowl. Poult. Sci., 41: 179-183.
Jamadar, S.J. and B.V. Jalnapurkar, 1995. Effect of high ambient temperature on iron status of broilers. Indian Vet. J., 72: 577-579.
Kamar, G.A.R., M.I. El-Kotoury, M.S. Samy and E.M.A. El-Masry, 1987. Effect of different environmental conditions on the pathways of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in Fayoumi layers. Assiut Vet. Med. J. Egypt, 16: 285-301.
Kamran, Z., M. Sarwar, Mahr-Un-Nisa, M.A. Nadeem and S. Mahmood, 2010. Effect of low levels of dietary crude protein with constant metabolizable energy on nitrogen excretion, litter composition and blood parameters of broilers. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 12: 401-405.
Kermanshahi, H., N. Ziaei and M. Pilevar, 2011. Effect of dietary crude protein fluctuation on performance, blood parameters and nutrients retention in broiler chicken during starter period. Global Veterinaria, 6: 162-167.
Khan, W.A., A. Khan, A.D. Anjum and Zia-Ur-Rehman, 2002. Effects of induced heat stress on haematological values in broiler chicks. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 1560: 44-45.
Kohne, H.J. and J.G. Jones, 1975. Changes in plasma electrolytes, acid-base balance and other physiological parameters of adult female turkeys under conditions of acute hyperthermia. Poult. Sci., 54: 2034-2038.
Mmereole, F.U.C., 2004. The haematological and serological profiles of the local and exotic chickens in the Southern Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis, Submitted to the Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Abraka-Delta State of Nigeria.
Mmereole, F.U.C., 2009. Effects of age and breeds on the haematological parameters of broilers. Nat. Applied Sci. J., Vol. 10.
Moye, R.J. Jr., K.W. Washburn and T.M. Huston, 1969. Effects of environmental temperature on erythrocyte numbers and size. Poult. Sci., 48: 1683-1686.
Nworgu, F.C., 2004. Utilization of forage meal supplements in broiler production. Ph.D. Thesis, Animal science Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Nworgu, F.C., S.A. Ogungbenro and K.S. Solesi, 2007. Performance and some blood chemistry indices of broiler chicken served fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis) leaves extract supplement. Am.-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 2: 90-98.
Uchegbu, M.C., C.C. Ezuma, I.P. Ogbuewu and M.N. Opara, 2010. Physiological responses of finisher broilers to yam peel meal: Haematology and serum biochemistry. Electr. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 9: 1657-1664.
Ozbey, O., N. Yildiz, M.H. Aysondu and O. Ozmen, 2004. The effects of high temperature on blood serum parameters and the egg productivity characteristics of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Int. J. Poult. Sci., 3: 485-489.
Sahin, N.V. and O. Kucuk, 2001. Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on performance, digestion of nutrients and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under chronic heat stress (34 degrees C). J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 85: 335-341.
Sahin, N., K. Sahin and O. Kukuk, 2001. Effects of vitamin E and vitamin A supplementation on performance, thyroid status and serum concentrations of some metabolites and minerals in broilers reared under heat stress (32°C). Vet. Med., 46: 286-292.
Salvador, D., J. Ariki, S.A. Borges, A.A. Pedroso and V.M.B. Moraes, 1999. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation in ration and drinking water of heat stressed broilers. Ars. Vet., 15: 144-148.
Shahidullah, M., M. Uddin and M.A. Habib, 2008. Growth and Hematological changes of commercial birds fed on blood meal supplement with water. J. Bang. Agri. Univ., 6: 321-326.
Singh, R.A., 1990. Poultry Production. 3rd Edn., Kalyany Publishers, Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
Swennen, Q., G.P. Janssens, S. Millet, G. Vansant, E. Decuypere and J. Buyse, 2005. Effects of substitution between fat and protein on feed intake and its regulatory mechanisms in broiler chickens: Endocrine functioning and intermediary metabolism. Poult. Sci., 84: 1051-1057.
Vecerek, V., E. Strakova, P. Suchy and E. Voslarova, 2002. Influence of high environmental temperature on production and haematological and biochemical indexes in broiler chickens. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 47: 176-182.
Yahav, S. and S. Hurwitz, 1996. Induction of thermotolerance in male broiler chickens by temperature conditioning at an early age. Poult. Sci., 75: 402-406.
Zimmerman, R.A., D.C. Snetsinger and D.E. Greene, 1973. Significance of day length and air circulation for commercial layers under heat stress. Poult. Sci., 52: 2106-2106.
Zimmerman, R.A., D.C. Snetsinger and D.E. Greene, 1975. Comparative performance of laying chickens in constant versus cyclic temperature environment. Poult. Sci., 54: 1831-1831.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
