Combining Abilities of Carcass Traits among Pure and Crossbred Meat Type Chickens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2010.777.783Keywords:
Carcass traits, combining ability, poultry breedsAbstract
Two hundred and ninety five cocks and two hundred and ninety nine hens were selected from a diallel combination of four breeds of chickens; [Anak Titan (A), Alpha (B), Giriraja (G) and Normal indigenous (N) chickens] at 12 weeks of age in a broiler improvement program for carcass analysis. The following data were collected in percentages: economically important traits = Live weight (g), Plucked weight, Eviscerated weight, Carcass yield, Abdominal fat percentage, Breast yield, Thigh yield, Drumstick yield; survival organs = Wing yield, Internal organ, Empty gizzard yield, Heart yield, Lung yield, Kidney yield, Liver yield. Analyses of variance of carcass traits show that sire and dam genotype significantly (p<0.05) affected carcass traits. Anak Titan sires and dams performed best in economically important traits, while N and B performed better in survival organs. Sex had significant (p<0.05) effect only on live weight with cocks having higher values of 979.55±56.62 and hens 879.6±34.18. Results of diallel analysis to test for general and specific combining abilities of breeds on traits showed that additive genetic effects were important in determining economically important traits, indicative that improvement can be achieved by selection. Dominance effects were important in control of survival organs, indicative of improvement by crossbreeding. Estimates of GCA for carcass traits show that Anak Titan had highest general combining ability for most of the carcass parameters while the least values were found among Alpha chickens. Estimates of SCA for carcass parameters showed AN cross generally had highest SCA for most of the carcass traits. Least SCA values for carcass parameters were generally recorded for AB crosses. It is recommended that an improvement process that involves all the breeds should be adapted using reciprocal recurrent selection or modifications of it.
References
Adebambo, O.A., C.O.N. Ikeobi, M.O. Ozoje, J.A. Adenowo and O.A. Osinowo, 1996. Variations in qualitative traits and their effects on the performance of local ducks and turkeys. Nig. J. Genet., 11: 20-32.
Adebambo, O.A., C.O.N. Ikeobi, M.O. Ozoje and J.A. Adenowo, 1999. Color variations andperformance characteristics of the indigenous chicken of South Western Nigeria. Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 26: 15-22.
Aduku, A.O. and J.O. Olukosi, 2000. Animal Products Processing and Handling in the Tropics. GV Publications, Abuja FCT, pp: 147.
Bartov, I. and I. Plavnik, 1998. Moderate excess of dietary protein increases breast meat yield of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 77: 680-688.
Hahn, G. and M. Spindler, 2002. Method of dissection of turkey carcass. World Poult. Sci. J., 58: 179-197.
Hayman, B.I., 1954. The analysis of variance of diallel tables. Biometrics, 10: 235-244.
Ikeobi, C.O.N., M.O. Ebozoje, O.A. Adebambo, J.A. Adenowo and O.A. Osinowo, 1996. Genetic differences in the performance of the local chicken in South Western Nigeria. Nig. J. Genet., 11: 55-60.
Shahin, K.A. and F.A. Elazeem, 2005. Effects of breed, sex and diet and their interactions on carcass composition and tissue weight distribution of broiler chickens. Arch. Tierz. Dummerstorf, 48: 612-626.
Marks, H.L., 1990. Genotype by diet interactions in body and abdominal fat weight in broilers. Poult. Sci., 69: 879-886.
Nwanta, J.A., J.U. Umoh, P.A. Abdu, I. Agogi and J.K. Alibalogun, 2006. Management of losses and new castle disease in rural poultry in Kaduna State. Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 33: 274-285.
Nwosu, C.C. and B.O. Asuquo, 1985. Body weight improvement in the local chicken. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conf. Nigeria Society for Animal Production, March 24-28, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, pp: 23-29.
Peters, S.O., 2000. Genetic variation in the reproductive performance of indigenous chicken and the growth rates of its pure and halfbred progeny. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics. University of Agriculture Abeokuta, pp: 120.
Salami, R.I., O.G. Longe and J.A. Oluyemi, 2004. Effect of dietary protein levels on the performance and carcass characteristics of cockerel finishers. Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 31: 27-31.
SAS, 1999. Users Guide Statistical Analysis. Inst. Inc. Cary, North Carolina.
Singh, R.P. and K. Jitendra, 1994. Biometrical Methods in Poultry Breedings. Kalyani Publishers, Delhi, pp: 240.
Singh, Y.P., R.P. Singh, R.V. Chaudhary and V. Singh, 1983. Diallel crossing for estimation of GCA, SCA, heterosis and other genetic effects of various traits in White Leghorn. Ind. Vet. J., 60: 384-389.
Smith, E.R. and G.M. Pesti, 1998. Influence of broiler strain cross and dietary protein on the performance of broilers. Poult. Sci., 77: 276-281.
Ukai, Y., 2002. Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits. Shinkou Igaku Shuppan, Tokyo.
Musa, H.H., G.H. Chen, J.H. Cheng, B.C. Li and D.M. Mekki, 2006. Study on carcass characteristics of chicken breeds raised under the intensive condition. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5: 530-533.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
