Sequence Analysis and Expression of the Phosphoprotein (P) Gene of a less Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus (D58) Isolated from an Unvaccinated Village Chicken
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.1112.1120Keywords:
ELISA, epitope prediction, expression, newcastle disease, P gene, phylogenetic analysis, sequence analysisAbstract
The P gene of a less virulent Newcastle disease virus isolated from unvaccinated village chicken was studied in detail. This D58 isolate had a coding sequence of 1188 nucleotides coding for 395 amino acids. The site for RNA editing for the evolution of the V and W proteins was found to be at positions 402 at the nucleotide and 134 at amino acid levels. The P gene has two N-Glycosylation sites at positions 126 and 288; one glycosaminoglycan attachment site at position 307, six protein kinase C phosphorylation sites at positions 72, 125, 203, 235, 345 and 369 and ten casein kinase II phosphorylation sites at positions 3, 18, 83, 91, 138, 229, 239, 291, 374 and 381. The D58 isolate was grouped with the other lentogenic strain B1 in the phylogentic analysis. On comparison with 23 other NDV strains/isolates, the P gene sequences of NDV was observed to be evolved with same pattern of substitutions and there is not much evolutionary divergence. The mean evolutionary diversity for entire population of NDV strains/isolates was estimated to be only 0.147. The phosphoprotein gene was expressed in a prokaryotic vector and strong antibody response against recombinant phosphoprotein was reported in the serum of vaccinated birds in ELISA.
References
Alexander, D.J., 1997. Newcastle Disease and Other Parainyxoviridae Infections. In: Diseases of Poultry, Calnek, B.W. (Ed.). Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA., USA., pp: 541-561.
Alexander, D.J., 2001. Newcastle disease. Br. J. Poult. Sci., 42: 5-22.
Alexander, D.J., 2001. Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses. Rev. Sci. Technol., 19: 443-462.
Ananth, R., J. John-Kirubaharan, M.L.M. Priyadarshini and A. Albert, 2008. Isolation of newcastle disease viruses of high virulence in unvaccinated healthy village chickens in South India. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 368-373.
Bates, P.A. and M.J. Sternberg, 1999. Model building by comparison at CASP3: Using expert knowledge and computer automation. Proteins, 3: 47-54.
Bates, P.A., L.A. Kelley, R.M. MacCallum and M.J.E. Sternberg, 2001. Enhancement of protein modeling by human intervention in applying the automatic programs 3D-JIGSAW and 3D-PSSM. Proteins, 5: 39-46.
Bhella, D., A Raiph, L.B. Murphy and R.P. Yeo, 2002. Significant differences in nucleocapsid morphology within the paramyxoviridal. J. Gen. Virol., 83: 1831-1839.
Calain, P. and L. Roux, 1993. The rule of six a basic feature for efficient replication of Sendai virus defective interfering RNA. J. Virol., 67: 4822-4830.
Cattaneo, R., K. Kaelin, K. Baczko and M.A. Billeter, 1989. Measles virus editing provides an additional cysteine-rich protein. Cell, 56: 759-764.
Contreras-Moreira, B. and P.A. Bates, 2002. Domain fishing: A first step in protein comparative modelling. Bioinformatics, 18: 1141-1142.
De Leeuw, O. and B. Peeters, 1999. Complete nucleotide sequence of Newcastle disease virus: Evidence for the existence of a new genus within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. J. Gen. Virol., 80: 131-136.
Errington, W. and P.T. Emmerson, 1997. Assembly of recombinant Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid protein into nucleocapsid-like structures in inhibited by the phosphoprotein. J. Gen. Virol., 78: 2335-2339.
Hall, T.A., 1999. BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acid Symp. Ser., 41: 95-98.
Hamaguchi, M., T. Yoshida, K. Nishikawa, H. Naruse and Y. Nagai, 1983. Transcriptive complex of Newcastle disease virus. I. Both L and P protein are required to constitute an active complex. Virology, 128: 105-117.
Horikami, S.M., J. Curram, D.K. Kofsky and S.A. Moyer, 1992. Complexes of Sendai virus NP-P and P-L proteins are required for defective interfering particle genome replication in vitro. J. Virol., 66: 4901-4908.
Huang, Z., S. Krishnamurthy, A. Panda and S.K. Samal, 2003. Newcastle disease virus V protein is associated with viral pathogenesis and functions as an alpha interferon antagonist. J. Virol., 77: 8676-8685.
Kirubaharan, M.L.M., Priyadarshini, S. Suresh Babu, R.K. Singh and K.S. Palaniswami, 2008. Single Serum Dilution ELISA For Quantification of Antibodies in Chicken Exposed to Newcastle Disease Virus. Madras Veterinary College, Chennai.
Kingsbury, D.W., 1974. The molecular biology of paramyxoviruses. Med. Microbiol. Immunol., 160: 73-83.
Krishnamurthy, S. and S.K. Samal, 1998. Neucleotide sequences of the trailer, nucleocapside protein gene and intergenic regions of Newcastle disease virus strain Beaudette c and compltions of the entire genome sequence. J. Gen. Virol., 19: 2419-2424.
Laemmli, U.K., 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227: 680-685.
Lamb, R.A., B.W.J. Mahy and P.W. Choppin, 1960. The synthesis of Sendai virus polypeptides in infected cells. Virology, 69: 116-131.
Locke, D.P., H.S. Sellers, J.M. Crawford, A. Schultzcherry, D.J. King, R.J. Meinersmann and B.S. Seal, 2000. Newcastle disease virus phosphoprotein gene analysis and transcriptional editing in avian cell. Virus Res., 69: 55-68.
Mebatsion, T., S. Verstegen, L.T.C. de Vaan, A. Romer-Oberdorfer and C.C. Schrier, 2001. A recombinant Newcastle disease virus with low-level V protein expression is immunogenic and lacks pathogenicity for chicken embryos. J. Virol., 75: 420-428.
Office International des Epizootics (OIE), 2004. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. OIE, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France, ISBN: 9290446226.
Peeples, M.E., 1988. Newcastle Disease Virus Replication. In: Newcastle Disease, Alexander, D.J. (Ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA., pp: 45-73.
Phillips, R.J., A.C.R. Sason and P.T. Emmerson, 1998. Nucleotide sequence of the 5 terminus of Newcastle disease virus and assembly of the complete genomic sequence agreement with the rule of six. Arch. Virol., 143: 1993-2002.
Reynolds, D.L. and A.D. Maraqa, 2000. Protective immunity against Newcastle disease: The role of cell mediated immunity. Avian Dis., 44: 145-154.
Rost, B., G. Yachdav and J. Liu, 2004. The predict protein server. Nucleic Acid Res., 32: 321-326.
Sambrook, J., E.F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis, 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 3rd Edn., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
Steward, M., I.B. Vipond, N.S. Millar and P.T. Emmerson, 1993. RNA editing in Newcastle disease virus. J. Gen. Virol., 74: 2539-2547.
Tamura, K., J. Dudley, M. Nei and S. Kumar, 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol., 24: 1596-1599.
Yusoff, K. and W.S. Tan, 2001. Newcastle disease virus macromolecules and opportunities. Avian Pathol., 30: 439-455.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
