Long-Term Effects of Oxymetholone vs. Testosterone with orWithout ZnSO4 on Growth Performance of Turkey Chicks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.470.474Keywords:
Growth performance, oxymetholone, testosterone, Turkey chick, ZnSO4Abstract
Oxymetholone at 0.6 mg/kg feed or mixed with ZnSO4 (45mg/kg feed), testosterone at 10 mg/kg feed or mixed with ZnSO4 (45 mg/kg feed) and 0 mg/kg of either one were given to 180 turkey chicks (n = 9; r = 4) from 6-18 weeks of age to determine their effects on growth performance. Body Weight (BW) was increased gradually in all treatments when compared to the control group with the highest level for oxymetholone and testosterone alone respectively. Feed Intake (FI) during 12 weeks of study decline slightly in all treatments with the lowest level for oxymetholone + ZnSO4 and the highest level for control group. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) at the end of study was 4.77 for control group and 4.15, 4.32, 4.50 and 4.69 for different treatments, respectively. Growth Rate (GR) differed for each week and treatment. Overall, the treatment groups showed higher GR when compared to control group in every week. The percentage of Carcass Weight (%CW) was increased significantly (p<0.05) in all treatments in comparison with control group with highest level for testosterone + ZnSO4. The treatments did not influence significantly on the internal organs by the end of study. Oxymetholone induced BW and %CW (p<0.05) with less FI and FCR when compared to testosterone and control group in turkey chicks.
References
Astiningsih, K. and L.J. Rogers, 1996. Sensitivity to testosterone varies with strain, sex and site of action in chickens. Physiol. Behav., 59: 1085-1091.
Berg, L.R. and R.D. Martinson, 1972. Effect of diet composition on the toxicity of zinc for the chick. Poult. Sci., 51: 1690-1694.
Bhasin, S., T. Storer and N. Berman, 1996. The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. New Engl. J. Med., 335: 1-7.
Boris, A., T. Trmal and E.W.J. Nelson, 1972. Anti-ovulatory effects of some androgenic-myotrophic steroids in the pubertal rat. Conception, 6: 489-495.
Chen, K.L., M.H. Chang, S.M. Tsay, H.Y. Hurng and P.W.S. Chiou, 2006. Effects of caponization on bone characteristics and histological structure in chickens. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 19: 245-251.
Chen, K.L., W.T. Chi and P.W.S. Chiou, 2005. Caponization and testosterone implantation effects on blood lipid and lipoprotein profile in male chickens. Poult. Sci., 84: 547-552.
Chen, K.L., C.P. Wu and Y.M. Hong, 2000. Meat quality and carcass traits of capon in comparison with intact male and female Taiwan country chickens. J. Chin. Soc. Anim. Sci., 29: 77-88.
Fennell, M.J., A.L. Johnson and C.G. Scanes, 1990. The suppressive effects of testosterone on growth in young chickens appears to be mediated via a peripheral androgen receptor: Studies of the anti-androgen ICI. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 77: 466-475.
Fennell, M.J., S.V. Radecki, J.A. Proudman and C.G. Scanes, 1996. The suppressive effects of testosterone on growth in young chickens appears to be mediated via a peripheral androgen receptor: Studies of the anti-androgen ICI. Poult. Sci., 75: 763-766.
Fennell, M.J. and C.G. Scanes, 1992. Inhibition of growth in chickens by testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, and 19-nortestosterone. Poult. Sci., 71: 357-366.
Hengge, U.R., M. Baumann, R. Maleba, N.H. Brockmeyer and M. Goos, 1996. Oxymetholone promotes weight gain in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Br. J.Nutr., 75: 129-138.
Johnson, A.L. and V.T. Rendano, 1984. Effects of castration, with and without testosterone replacement, on leg bone integrity in the domestic fowl. Am. J. Vet. Res., 45: 319-326.
Kidd, M.T., N.B. Anthony, Z. Johnson and S. Lee, 1992. Effect of zinc methionine supplementation on the performance of mature broiler breeders. J. Applied Poult. Res., 1: 207-211.
Lin, Y.F. and A.L. Hsu, 2000. Effects of copper and zinc supplementation on growth performance, tissue accumulation and residues in excreat of broiler chicken. J. Chin. Soc. Anim. Sci., 2: 117-124.
NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 9780309048927, Pages: 176.
Oursler, M.J., M. Kassem and T.C. Spelsberg, 1996. Regulation of Bone Cell Function by Gonadal Steroid. In: Osteoporosis, Marcus, R.D., J. Feldman and J. Kelsey (Eds.). Academic Press, New York, pp: 237-260.
Pederson, L., M. Kremer, J. Judd, D. Pascoe, T.C. Spekberg, B.L. Riggs and M.J. Oursler, 1999. Androgens regulate bone resorption activity of isolated osteoclasts in vitro. J. Cell Biol., 96: 505-510.
Saartok, T., E. Dahlbery and J.A. Gustafsson, 1984. Relative binding affinity of anabolic-androgenic steroids: Comparison of the binding to the androgen receptors in skeletal muscle and in prostate, as well as to sex hormone-binding globulin. Endocrinology, 114: 2100-2106.
SAS, 1996. SAS System for Windows. Release 6.12, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC., USA.
Stahl, J.L., J.L. Greger and M.E. Cook, 1990. Breeding-hen and progeny performance when hens are fed excessive dietary zinc. Poult. Sci., 69: 259-263.
Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie, 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edn., McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, USA., ISBN-13: 978-0070609259, Pages: 481.
Tsay, S.M., K.L. Chen and P.W.S. Chiou, 2004. Testosterone implantation on the bone characteristics in castrated male chickens. Proceedings of the 11th AAAP Animal Science Congress Asian-Australians, Association Animal Production Society.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
