Characteristics of Broiler Feather Protein Concentrate Prepared Under Different Production Processes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2018.507.514Keywords:
Animal feed, broiler feather waste, digestibility, feather meal, hydrolysisAbstract
Background and Objective: Broiler feather waste (BFW) resulting from poultry slaughter houses (PSHs) is considered a serious solid waste problem. To deal with this problem, the waste can be hydrolyzed to create broiler feather protein concentrate (BFPC), which has the potential to serve as feed material for non-ruminant animals. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro protein digestibility (In-VtPD), yield and chemical composition (CC) of Broiler feather protein concentrate (BFPC) prepared under different conditions. Methodology: This study involved four types of processes and used a combination of chemical and physical processes. The chemical processes used 1 M HCl (10 and 20% (v/v) and 1 M NaOH [10 and 20% (w/v)], while the physical processes used a high pressure heating system. The treatment consisted of four conditions including P0 (control /without hydrolysis), P1 [(20% (w/v) 1 M NaOH+autoclaving (21 Psi)], P2 [(20% (v/v) 1 M HCl+autoclaving (21 Psi)] and P3 [10% (v/v) 1 M NaOH+10% (w/v) 1 M HCl+autoclaving (21 Psi)]. A completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 replications was used and the data obtained were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results showed that different hydrolysis conditions had significant effects (p<0.01) on the In-VtPD, yield, Cc and pH of BFPC but had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the protein content. The hydrolysis process using 20% (w/v) 1 M NaOH+autoclaving (21 Psi) (P1) significantly increased the In-VtPD of BFPC (59.53±0.7%). The combination of chemical and physical processes was able to hydrolyze the components of keratin protein in feather waste. The resulting yield was not different from that of the other treatments (P2 and P3). The hydrolysis process uses a chemical and physical combination to maintain a stable protein composition but the digestibility level of the protein increases. The amino acid profiles of BFPC before and after the hydrolysis process did not differ significantly. The amino acid component in BFPC is dominated by glutamic acid. In the composition of the constituent substances BFPC is dominated by K2O and CaO compounds. Conclusion: The hydrolysis process that uses a combination of chemical [20% (w/v) 1 M NaOH] and physical processes (autoclaving) (P1) is the best hydrolysis treatment. Therefore, this treatment is recommended as the best process to produce feather flour concentrate.
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