A Study on Efficacy of Fumaric Acid Supplementation in Diet of Broiler Chicken
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2015.589.594Keywords:
Broiler chicken, carcass, fumaric acid, performance, pHAbstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of fumaric acid on the performance, carcass characteristics and pH of different segments of gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) in broiler chicken. One hundred eighty, one week old broiler chicks were utilized for the study and distributed into four treatment groups, each having three replicates of 15 chicks each. Birds in the control (T1) group were fed the basal diet whereas in other treatment groups basal diet was supplemented with 0.5% (T2), 1% (T3) and 1.5% (T4) fumaric acid. Broiler chicken fed diets supplemented with fumaric acid showed a significantly (p<0.05) linear improvement in the body weight gains compared to control. Highest body weight gain of 1270.64±22.37 was observed in the group fed 1.5% fumaric acid in the diet (T4). There was a non-significant (p>0.05) effect on cumulative feed consumption in the birds among different treatment groups with lowest consumption in the control. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved in all the treatment groups fed fumaric acid in the diet with best FCR of 1.63±0.03 in T4. No significant (p<0.05) effect was observed in the carcass characteristics between various treatment groups including control. The pH of crop, proventriculus and gizzard decreased non-significantly (p>0.05), however no effect in the pH of different segments of small intestine was noticed. It may be concluded that fumaric acid proved to be a good substitute to antibiotic growth promoters in improving the performance of broiler chicken.
References
Abd El-Hakim, A.S., G. Cherian and M.N. Ali, 2009. Use of organic acid, herbs and their combination to improve the utilization of commercial low protein broiler diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 8: 14-20.
Abdel-Fattah, S.A., M.H. El-Sanhoury, N.M. El-Mednay and F. Abdel-Azeem, 2008. Thyroid activity, some blood constituents, organs morphology and performance of broiler chicks fed supplemental organic acids. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 215-222.
Adil, S., T. Banday, G.A. Bhat, M.S. Mir and M. Rehman, 2010. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance, intestinal histomorphology and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Vet. Med. Int.
Adil, S., M.T. Banday, G.A. Bhat, S.D. Qureshi and S.A. Wani, 2011. Effect of supplemental organic acids on growth performance and gut microbial population of broiler chicken. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 23.
Al-Natour, M.Q. and K.M. Alshawabkeh, 2005. Using varying levels of formic acid to limit growth of Salmonella gallinarum in contaminated broiler feed. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci., 18: 390-395.
Ao, T., A.H. Cantor, A.J. Pescatore, M.J. Ford, J.L. Pierce and K.A. Dawson, 2009. Effect of enzyme supplementation and acidification of diets on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 88: 111-117.
Aziz-Mousavi, S.M.A., A.R. Seidavi and M. Dadashbeiki, 2012. Effect of different levels of synbiotics on carcass characteristics of broiler. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci., 2: 161-165.
Bolton, W. and W.A. Dewar, 1965. The digestibility of acetic, propionic and butyric acids by the fowl. Br. Poult. Sci., 6: 103-105.
BIS., 1992. Nutrient requirements for poultry. Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS), IS: 13574.
Cakir, S., M. Midilli, H. Erol, N. Simsek and M. Cinar et al., 2008. Use of combined probiotic-prebiotic, organic acid and avilamycin in diets of Japanese quails. Rev. Med. Vet., 11: 565-569.
Denli, M., F. Okan and K. Celik, 2003. Effect of dietary probiotic, organic acid and antibiotic supplementation to diets on broiler performance and carcass yield. Pak. J. Nutr., 2: 89-91.
Dhawale, A., 2005. Better eggshell quality with a gut acidifier. Poult. Int., 44: 18-21.
Dibner, J.J. and P. Buttin, 2002. Use of organic acids as a model to study the impact of gut microflora on nutrition and metabolism. J. Applied Poult. Res., 11: 453-463.
Duncan, D.B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
Fukunaga, T., M. Sasaki, Y. Araki, T. Okamoto and T. Yasuoka et al., 2003. Effects of the soluble fibre pectin on intestinal cell proliferation, fecal short chain fatty acid production and microbial population. Digestion, 67: 42-49.
Gauthier, R., 2002. Intestinal health, the key to productivity (The case of organic acids). XXVII Convention ANECA-WPDSA Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, April 2002.
Gunal, M., G. Yayli, O. Kaya, N. Karahan and O. Sulak, 2006. The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broiler. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5: 149-155.
Hernandez, F., V. Garcia, J. Madrid, J. Orengo, P. Catala and M.D. Megias, 2006. Effect of formic acid on performance, digestibility, intestinal histomorphology and plasma metabolite levels of broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 47: 50-56.
Houshmand, M., K. Azhar, I. Zulkifli, M.H. Bejo and A. Kamyab, 2012. Effects of non-antibiotic feed additives on performance, immunity and intestinal morphology of broilers fed different levels of protein. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 42: 22-32.
Huyghebaert, G., R. Ducatelle and F. van Immerseel, 2011. An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. Vet. J., 187: 182-188.
Islam, K.M.S., A. Schuhmacher, H. Aupperle and J.M. Gropp, 2008. Fumaric acid in broiler nutrition: A dose titration study and safety aspects. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 903-907.
Khan, R.U., Z. Nikousefat, V. Tufarelli, S. Naz, M. Javdani and V. Laudadio, 2012. Garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation in poultry diets: Effect on production and physiology. World's Poult. Sci. J., 68: 417-424.
Khan, R.U., S. Naz and K. Dhama, 2014. Chromium: Pharmacological applications in heat-stressed poultry. Int. J. Pharmacol., 10: 213-317.
Kim, J.W., J.H. Kim and D.Y. Kil, 2015. Dietary organic acids for broiler chickens: A review. Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Pecu., 28: 109-123.
La Ragione, R.M. and M.J. Woodward, 2003. Competitive exclusion by Bacillus subtilis spores of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and Clostridium perfringens in young chickens. Vet. Microbiol., 94: 245-256.
Langhout, P., 2000. New additives for broiler chickens. World Poult., 16: 22-27.
Lawhon, S.D., R. Maurer, M. Suyemoto and C. Altier, 2002. Intestinal short‐chain fatty acids alter Salmonella typhimurium invasion gene expression and virulence through BarA/SirA. Mol. Microbiol., 46: 1451-1464.
Le Blay, G., H.M. Blottiere, L. Ferrier, E. Le Foll, C. Bonnet, J.P. Galmiche and C. Cherbut, 2000. Short-chain fatty acids induce cytoskeletal and extracellular protein modifications associated with modulation of proliferation on primary culture of rat intestinal smooth muscle cells. Dig. Dis. Sci., 45: 1623-1630.
Menconi, A., V.A. Kuttappan, X. Hernandez-Velasco, T. Urbano and F. Matte et al., 2014. Evaluation of a commercially available organic acid product on body weight loss, carcass yield, and meat quality during preslaughter feed withdrawal in broiler chickens: A poultry welfare and economic perspective. Poult. Sci., 93: 448-455.
Mohamed, S.B., 2009. Effect of using malic acid on performance of Japanese quail fed optimal and sub-optimal energy and protein levels. Egypt. Poult. Sci., 29: 263-286.
Moharrery, A. and M. Mahzonieh, 2005. Effect of malic acid on visceral characteristics and coliform counts in small intestine in the broiler and layer chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4: 761-764.
Ocak, N., G. Erener, A. Altop and C. Kop, 2009. The effect of malic acid on performance and some digestive tract traits of Japanese quails. J. Poult. Sci., 46: 25-29.
Porter, S.B. and R. Curtiss, 1997. Effect of inv mutations on Salmonella virulence and colonization in 1-day-old white leghorn chicks. Avian Dis., 41: 45-57.
Ricke, S.C., 2003. Perspectives on the use of organic acids and short chain fatty acids as antimicrobials. Poult. Sci., 82: 632-639.
Roser, U., 2006. Effects of organic acids in liquid and solid forms on the survival rate of Salmonella in pelleted compound feed after recontamination. J. Immunol., 82: 12-19.
Runho, R.C., N.K. Sakomura, S. Kuana, D.A. Banzatto, O.M. Junqueira and J.H. Stringhini, 1997. [Use of an organic acid (fumaric acid) in broiler rations]. Revista Brasileira Zootecnia, 26: 1183-1191.
Saki, A.A., R. Nasseri Harcini, E. Rahmatnejad and J. Salary, 2012. Herbal additives and organic acids as antibiotic alternatives in broiler chickens diet for organic production. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11: 2139-2145.
Samanta, S., S. Haldar and T.K. Ghosh, 2010. Comparative efficacy of an organic acid blend and bacitracin methylene disalicylate as growth promoters in broiler chickens: Effects on performance, gut histology and small intestinal milieu. Vet. Med. Int.
Shamlo, R., J. Nasr and F. Kheiri, 2014. Effects of various levels of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) on carcass characteristics and serum cholesterol in broiler. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci., 4: 453-457.
Smulikowska, S., J. Czerwinski and A. Mieczkowska, 2010. Effect of an organic acid blend and phytase added to a rapeseed cake-containing diet on performance, intestinal morphology, caecal microflora activity and thyroid status of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 94: 15-23.
Snow, J.L., D.H. Baker and C.M. Parsons, 2004. Phytase, citric acid and 1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol improve phytate phosphorus utilization in chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet. Poult. Sci., 83: 1187-1192.
Sultan, A., I. Ullah, S. Khan, R.U. Khan and Zahoor ul Hassan, 2014. Impact of chlorine dioxide as water acidifying agent on the performance, Ileal microflora and intestinal histology in quails. Archiv fur Tierzucht, Vol. 57.
Tappenden, K.A. and M.I. McBurney, 1998. Systemic short-chain fatty acids rapidly alter gastrointestinal structure, function and expression of early response genes. Dig. Dis. Sci., 43: 1526-1536.
Van Immerseel, F., J. de Buck, I. de Smet, F. Pasmans, F. Haesebrouck and R. Ducatelle, 2004. Interactions of butyric acid- and acetic acid-treated Salmonella with chicken primary cecal epithelial cells in vitro. Avian Dis., 48: 384-391.
Waldroup, A., S. Kaniawati and A. Mauromoustakos, 1995. Performance characteristics and microbiological aspects of broilers fed diets supplemented with organic acids. J. Food Prot., 58: 482-489.
Yakhkeshi, S., P. Shawrang and S. Rahimi, 2014. Effect of some acidifiers on gastrointestinal tract characteristics and performance of broiler chickens. Iran. J. Applied Anim. Sci., 4: 143-149.
Yegani, M. and D.R. Korver, 2008. Factors affecting intestinal health in poultry. Poult. Sci., 87: 2052-2063.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
