Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Chicken Muscle and Liver Sold at Retail Outlets in Trinidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2015.456.462Keywords:
Antimicrobial residues, charm test, chicken, liver, muscle, trinidadAbstract
Antimicrobial agents are used for the prevention or treatment of diseases in animals but concerns have been raised that tissues of food animals contaminated with antimicrobial residues may cause adverse side effects in consumers. In Trinidad and Tobago, neither are withdrawal periods following treatment of food animals with antimicrobial agents enforced nor the practice of routine testing of meats for antimicrobial residues. This study determined the frequency of detection of three antimicrobial agents commonly used in the poultry industry in Trinidad and Tobago with the Charm II test and related it to processing plants and sale outlets. For chicken muscles, the prevalence of antimicrobial agents was 18.1, 1.7 and 0.0% for tetracycline, β-lactams and macrolides, respectively and the differences were statistically significantly different (p<0.05; X2) while the corresponding prevalence for chicken liver samples was 52.9, 0.0 and 14.9% (p<0.05; X2). Overall, the frequency of detection of antimicrobial agents in chicken liver (17.8%) was significantly (p<0.05; X2) higher than was found in chicken muscles (6.4%). Although the frequency of detection of the three antimicrobial agents in both chicken muscle and liver tissues was higher in supermarket samples (11.3%) than in those from poultry depot and other sources (6.3%), the difference was not significant (p>0.05; X2). For the 48 tetracycline-positive (muscle and liver) samples, 41 (85.4%) originated from supermarkets while only 14.6% were collected from other sources (p<0.05; X2). The frequency of detection of antimicrobial agents was not significantly (p>0.05; X2) affected by the processing plants from which the samples originated. Tetracycline residues appear to pose the highest health risk (allergic reactions and development of antimicrobial resistance), a finding in agreement with the fact that of the three antimicrobial agents tested, tetracycline was the most commonly used by broiler chicken producers in the country.
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