Fatty Acid Profile, Performance and Quality of Eggs from Laying Hens Fed with Crude Vegetable Glycerine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2013.341.347Keywords:
Egg quality, fatty acids, glycerine, glycerol, lipid profileAbstract
The goal of this experiment was to evaluate the performance, quality and fatty acid profile of eggs from laying hens fed with diets containing Crude Vegetable Glycerine (CVG) originating from biodiesel production. Two hundred and forty 35-week-old Hy-Line W36 laying hens were used. The experiment lasted 112 days, split into 4 28-day cycles. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design to six treatments with CVG inclusion of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5%, with 5 replicates and 8 birds per experimental unit. With increased CVG inclusion, the egg-laying percentage linearly increased (P<0.05). The percentage of linoleic and behenic acid, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and omega-6 fatty acids in eggs from laying hens fed with CVG increased as the levels of inclusion (P<0.05). According to the results of the present study, CVG can be included in the diet of laying hens up to the level of 7.5% of inclusion, considering the improvement in performance and lipid profile of the eggs.
References
Beynen, A.C., 2005. Fatty acid composition of eggs produced by hens fed diets containing groundnut, soya bean or linseed. NJAS-Wageningen J. Life Sci., 52: 3-10.
Bligh, E.G. and W.J. Dyer, 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol., 37: 911-917.
Brant, A.W. and H.L. Shrader, 1958. Equipment and Methods for Measuring Egg Quality. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Washington, USA.
Cachaldora, P., P. Garcoia-Rebollar, C. Alvarez, J.C. De Blas and J. Mendez, 2006. Effect of type and level of fish oil supplementation on yolk fat composition and n-3 fatty acids retention efficiency in laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci., 47: 43-49.
Carrillo-Dominguez, S., M.E. Carranco-Jauregui, R.M. Castillo-Dominguez, M.I. Castro-Gonzalez, E. Avila-Gonzalez and F. Perez-Gil, 2005. Cholesterol and n-3 and n-6 fatty acid content in eggs from laying hens fed with red crab meal (Pleuroncodes planipes). Poult. Sci., 84: 167-172.
Dozier, W.A., B.J. Kerr and S.L. Branton, 2011. Apparent metabolizable energy of crude glycerin originating from different sources in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 90: 2528-2534.
Erol, H., S. Yalcin, M. Midilli and S. Yalcin, 2009. The effects of dietary glycerol on growth and laying performance, egg traits and some blood biochemical parameters in quails. Rev. Med. Vet., 160: 469-476.
FDA, 2006. Code of federal regulations title 21. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Francois, A., 1994. Glycerol in nutrition. Comptes Rendus Acad. Agric. France, 2: 63-76.
Goldberg, E.M., N. Gakhar, D. Ryland, M. Aliani, R.A. Gibson and J.D. House, 2012. Fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of table eggs from laying hens fed hempseed and hempseed oil. J. Food Sci., 77: S153-S160.
Hamilton, R.M.G., 1982. Methods and factors that affect the measurement of egg shell quality. Poult. Sci., 61: 2022-2039.
Hooge, D.M., K.R. Kummings and J.L. McNaughton, 1999. Evaluation of sodium bicarbonate, chloride, or sulfate with a coccidiostat in corn-soy or corn-soy-meat diets for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 78: 1300-1306.
ISO, 1978. Animal and vegetable fats and oils-preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids. Preparation of Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids, Method ISO 5509.
Lammers, P.J., B.J. Kerr, M.S. Honeyman, K. Staldre and W.A. Dozier III et al., 2008. Nitrogen corrected metabolizable energy value of crude glycerol for laying hens. Poult. Sci., 87: 104-107.
Milinsk, M.C., A.E. Murakami, S.T.M. Gomes, M. Matsushita and N.E. de Souza, 2003. Fatty acid profile of egg yolk lipids from hens fed diets rich in n-3 fatty acids. Food Chem., 83: 287-292.
Min, Y.N., F. Yan, F.Z. Liu, C. Coto and P.W. Waldroup, 2010. Glycerin-a new energy source for poultry. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9: 1-4.
Naber, E.C., 1979. The effect of nutrition on the composition of eggs. Poult. Sci., 58: 518-522.
Nain, S., R.A. Renema, D.R. Korver and M.J. Zuidhof, 2012. Characterization of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment in laying hens fed an extruded flax enrichment source. Poult. Sci., 91: 1720-1732.
OECD-FAO, 2012. Agricultural outlook 2012-2021. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-Food and Agriculture Organization.
Ohta, K.Y., K. Inoue, Y. Hayashi and H. Yuasa, 2006. Carrier-mediated transport of glycerol in the perfused rat small intestine. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 29: 785-789.
Piesker, M. and Y. Dersjant-Li, 2006. Glycerol in animal nutrition: Versatile co-product of biodiesel production. Kraftfutter, 89: 16-23.
Poureslami, R., K. Raes, G. Huyghebaert, A.B. Batal and S. De Smet, 2012. Egg yolk fatty acid profile in relation to dietary fatty acid concentration. J. Sci. Food Agric., 92: 366-372.
Robergs, R.A. and S.E. Griffin, 1998. Glycerol: Biochemistry, pharmacokinetics and clinical and practical applications. Sports Med., 3: 145-167.
Rosebrough, R.W., E. Geis, P. James, H. Ota and J. Whitehead, 1980. Effects of dietary energy substitutions on reproductive performance, feed efficiency and lipogenic enzyme activity on large white Turkey hens. Poult. Sci., 59: 1485-1492.
Simopoulos, A.P., 2000. Human requirement for N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Poult. Sci., 79: 961-970.
Simopoulos, A.P., 2002. The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomed. Pharmacother., 56: 365-379.
Skrzydlewska, E., 2003. Toxicological and metabolic consequences of methanol poisoning. Toxicol. Mechanisms Methods, 13: 277-293.
Sosin, E., F. Borowiec, J. Strzetelski and S. Smulikowska, 2006. The effect of feeding regular or low alpha-linolenic acid linseed on the fatty acid composition of egg yolks. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 15: 641-650.
Swiatkiewicz, S. and J. Koreleski, 2009. Effect of crude glycerin level in the diet of laying hens on egg performance and nutrient utilization. Poult. Sci., 88: 615-619.
Thompson, J.C. and B.B. He, 2006. Characterization of crude glycerol from biodiesel production from multiple feedstocks. Applied Eng. Agric., 22: 261-265.
Woods, V.B. and A.M. Fearon, 2009. Dietary sources of unsaturated fatty acids for animals and their transfer into meat, milk and eggs: A review. Livest. Sci., 126: 1-20.
Yalcın, S., H. Erol, B. Ozsoy, İ. Onbasılar, S.Yalcın and A. Uner, 2010. Effects of glycerol on performance, egg traits, some blood parameters and antibody production to SRBC of laying hens. Livestock Sci., 129: 129-134.
Yannakopoulos, A., A. Tserveni-Gousi and E. Christaki, 2005. Enhanced egg production in practice: The case of bio-omega-3 egg. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4: 531-535.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
