Effect of a Commercial Yeast-Based Product (Maxigen®) on Intestinal Villi Morphology and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2013.9.14Keywords:
Broiler chicks, flock uniformity, intestinal villi morphology, maxigen, yeast-based productAbstract
Yeast products contain nucleotides that are essential for cellular functions and growth and may therefore enhance intestinal villi morphology and growth performance. Accordingly, two 42-day experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Maxigen® (a novel yeast-based product) in enhancing intestinal villi morphology, growth performance and flock uniformity. Experiment 1 utilized 480 (day-old) female chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery, weighed and randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments. Treatment 1 (CX, control) consisted of chicks fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet that was not supplemented with Maxigen®. Treatment 2 (MG) consisted of chicks fed corn-SBM basal into which Maxigen® was added at 0.075% level. Each treatment consisted of 12 replicate pens, with each pen housing 20 chicks. On days 21 and 42 of experiment, growth performance (body weight and feed conversion) and flock uniformity were assessed. Experiment 2 was conducted in a similar manner, except that male chicks were used. Intestinal tissue samples were also collected on day 10 of experiment for histological evaluation of villi morphology. From the results, only Experiment 2 showed differences between CX and MG treatments for the parameters assessed. Specifically, at day 42, feed conversion ratio of birds in MG treatment (1.67) was superior (P<0.05) to that of birds in CX treatment (1.71). In addition, flock uniformity of MG birds (66.4%) was better than the uniformity of CX flock (56.8%; P = 0.0527). It was concluded that Maxigen® supplemented at 0.075% level of the diet enhanced growth performance and flock uniformity of broiler chickens.
References
Abbas, S.A., A.A.G. Elseid and M.K.A. Ahmed, 2010. Effect of body weight uniformity on the productivity of broiler breeder hens. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9: 225-230.
Cox, C.M., L.H. Sumners, S. Kim, A.P. McElroy, M.R. Bedford and R.A. Dalloul, 2010. Immune responses to dietary β-glucan in broiler chicks during an Eimeria challenge. Poult. Sci., 89: 2597-2607.
Engster, H.M., D. Marvil and B. Stewart-Brown, 2002. The effect of withdrawing growth promoting antibiotics from broiler chickens: A long-term commercial industry study. J. Applied Poult. Res., 11: 431-443.
Fasina, Y.O. and R.R. Thanissery, 2011. Comparative efficacy of a yeast product and bacitracin methylene disalicylate in enhancing early growth and intestinal maturation in broiler chicks from breeder hens of different ages. Poult. Sci., 90: 1067-1073.
Fasina, Y.O., H.L. Classen, J.D. Garlich, B.L. Black, P.R. Ferket, Z. Uni and A.A. Olkowski, 2006. Response of Turkey poults to soybean lectin levels typically encountered in commercial diets. 2. Effect on intestinal development and lymphoid organs. Poult. Sci., 85: 870-877.
Fasina, Y.O., J. Hoerr, S.R. McKee and D.E. Conner, 2010. Influence of Salmonella enteric serovar typhimurium infection on intestinal goblet cells and villous morphology in broiler chicks. Avian Dis. Avian Dis., 54: 841-847.
Ferreira, S.R., A.E. Murakami, T.G.V. Silveira, J.M.G. dos Santos and J.I.M. Fernandes, 2011. Performance and macrophage activity of broilers fed with a sorghum meal with different yeast wall levels. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 54: 363-370.
Gao, J., H.J. Zhang, S.H. Yu, S.G. Wu and I. Yoon et al., 2008. Effects of yeast culture in broiler diets on performance and immunomodulatory functions. Poult. Sci., 87: 1377-1384.
Ghosh, T.K., S. Haldar, M.R. Bedford, N. Muthusami and I. Samanta, 2012. Assessment of yeast cell wall as replacements for antibiotic growth promoters in broiler diets: Effects on performance, intestinal histo-morphology and humoral immune responses. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 96: 275-284.
Huyghebaert, G., R. Ducatelle and F. van Immerseel, 2011. An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. Vet. J., 187: 182-188.
Jackson, M.E., K. Geronian, A. Knox, J. McNab and E. McCartney, 2004. A dose-response study with the feed enzyme beta-mannanase in broilers provided with corn-soybean meal based diets in the absence of antibiotic growth promoters. Poult. Sci., 83: 1992-1996.
Jeurissen, S.H.M., F. Lewis, J.D. van der Klis, Z. Mroz, J.M.J. Rebel and A.A.H.M. ter Huurne, 2002. Parameters and techniques to determine intestinal health of poultry as constituted by immunity, integrity and functionality. Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol., 3: 1-14.
LeBlanc, B.W., J.E. Albina and J.S. Reichner, 2006. The effect of PGG-beta-glucan on neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. J. Leukocyte Biol., 79: 667-675.
Lee, K., H.S. Lillehoj and G.R. Siragusa, 2010. Direct-fed microbials and their impact on the intestinal microflora and immune system of chickens. J. Poult. Sci., 47: 106-114.
Madrigal, S.A., S.E. Watkins, J.T. Skinner, M.H. Adams, A.L. Waldroup and P.W. Waldroup, 1993. Effect of an active yeast culture on performance of broilers. Poult. Sci., 72: 87-87.
Morales-Lopez, R., E. Auclair, F. Garcia, E. Esteve-Garcia and J. Brufau, 2009. Use of yeast cell walls; β-1, 3/1, 6-glucans; And mannoproteins in broiler chicken diets. Poult. Sci., 88: 601-607.
NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Rev. Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Owens, B. and K.J. McCracken, 2007. A comparison of the effects of different yeast products and antibiotic on broiler performance. Br. Poult. Sci., 48: 49-54.
Pacha, J., 2000. Development of intestinal transport function in mammals. Physiol. Rev., 80: 1633-1667.
Potten, C.S. and M. Loeffler, 1990. Stem cells: Attributes, cycles, spirals, pitfalls and uncertainties. Lessons for and from the crypt. Development, 110: 1001-1020.
SAS Institute, 2004. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC., USA.
Shanmugasundaram, R., M. Sifri and R.K. Selvaraj, 2013. Effect of yeast cell product (CitriStim) supplementation on broiler performance and intestinal immune cell parameters during an experimental coccidial infection. Poult. Sci., 92: 358-363.
De los Santos, F.S., A.M. Donoghue, M.B. Farnell, G.R. Farnell, G.R. Huff, W.E. Huff and D.J. Donoghue, 2007. Gastrointestinal maturation is accelerated in turkey poults supplemented with a mannan-oligosaccharide yeast extract (Alphamune). Poult. Sci., 86: 921-930.
Uni, Z., 1999. Functional development of the small intestine in domestic birds: Cellular and molecular aspects. Poult. Avian Biol. Rev., 10: 167-179.
Uni, Z., O. Gal-Garber, A. Geyra, D. Sklan and S. Yahav, 2001. Changes in growth and function of chick small intestine epithelium due to early thermal conditioning. Poult. Sci., 80: 438-445.
Yason, C.V., B.A. Summers and K.A. Schat, 1987. Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in various age groups of chickens and turkeys: Pathology. Am. J. Vet. Res., 48: 927-938.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
