Genotype and Sex Effect on Gastrointestinal Nutrient Content, Microflora and Carcass Traits in Nigerian Native Chickens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2010.731.737Keywords:
Genotype, indigenous, native chickens, Nigeria, sex effectAbstract
The nutrient concentration of crop and gizzard contents of three genotypes of indigenous scavenging chickens under rural conditions were investigated along-side with the micro-flora community of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), body dimensions and carcass traits. Genotype significantly (p<0.01) affected the Crude Protein (CP) and Dry Matter (DM) values while Ether Extract (EE) value was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by sex of bird. The interaction between genotype and sex significantly (p<0.01) affected only CP and EE values while Crude Fibre (CF), ash and Gross Energy (GE) values were statistically similar across both genotype and sex of the bird. The genotype significantly (p<0.01) affected Live Weight (LWT), Bled Weight (BDWT), Plucked Weight (PLWT), Dressed Weight (DRWT), Breast Girth (BRG), liver weight, lung weight, heart weight, GIT weight and GIT length. The sex of bird also significantly (p<0.01) influenced Body Length (BLT), LWT, BDWT, PLWT, BRG, shank length, keel length, heart weight, gizzard weight, lung weight and GIT length while the interaction between genotype and sex significantly (p<0.05) affected LWT, BDWT, PLWT, DRWT, BRG, heart weight, gizzard weight and lung weight. Both genotype and sex significantly (p<0.01) influenced bacteria population of the chickens caeca. Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were prevalent in the caeca of all the scavenging birds. It was concluded that there are genotype and sex effects on crop and gizzard content, linear body measurements and presence or absence of bacteria in the caeca of the Nigerian native chickens raised under rural extensive system This findings further corroborates the abundance of genetic variation that can be exploited in developing any stock improvement programme for growth, carcass or disease resistance traits involving the Nigerian local chickens.
References
Aini, I., 1999. Diseases in rural family chickens in South East Asia. Proceedings of the 1st International Network for Family Poultry Development (INFPD), http://www.fao.org/ag/AGAInfo/themes/en/infpd/documents/econf_scope/paper2.html
AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC., USA., pp: 200-210.
Ebozoje, M.O. and C.O.N. Ikeobi, 1995. Productive performance and occurrence of major genes in the Nigerian local chicken. Nig. J. Genet., 10: 67-77.
Fuller, R., 1992. Probiotics: The Scientific Basis. Chapman and Hall, London, ISBN: 9780412408502, Pages: 398.
Gueye, E.F., 1998. Village egg and fowl meat production in Africa. Word Poult. Sci. J., 54: 73-86.
Gunaratne, S.P., D.N. Chandrasiri, W.A.P.M. Hemalatha and J.A. Roberts, 1993. Feed resource base for scavenging chickens in Sri Lanka. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 25: 249-257.
Ibe, S.N., 1993. Growth performance of normal, frizzle feather and naked-neck chickens in a tropical environment. Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 20: 25-29.
Ikeobi, C.O.N., M.O. Ozoje, O.A. Adebambo, J.A. Adenowo and O.A. Osinowo, 1996. Genetic differences in the performance of local chicken in South Western Nigeria. Nig. J. Genet., 9: 33-39.
Mekonnen, H., D. Mulatu, B. Kelay and T. Berhan, 2010. Assessment of nutritional status of indigenous scavenging chickens in Adaa district, Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 42: 123-130.
Mwalusanya, N.A., A.M. Katule, S.K. Mutayoba, U.M. Minga, M.A. Mtambo and J.E. Olsen, 2002. Nutrient status of crop contents of rural scavenging local chickens in Tanzania. Br. Poult. Sci., 42: 64-69.
NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 9780309048927, Pages: 176.
Payne, W.J.A., 1990. An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics. 4th Edn., ELBS and Longman, Singapore, pp: 537-556.
Peters, S.O., B.M. Ilori, M.O. Ozoje, C.O.N. Ikeobi and O.A. Adebamb, 2008. Gene segregation effects on fertility and hatchability of pure and crossbred chicken genotypes in the humid tropics. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 954-958.
Peters, S.O., O.O. Shoyebo, B.M. Ilori, M.O. Ozoje, C.O.N. Ikeobi and O.A. Adebambo, 2008. Semen quality traits of seven strains of chickens raised in the humid tropics. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 949-953.
Peters, S.O., C.O.N. Ikeobi, M.O. Ozoje and O.A. Adebambo, 2002. Genetic variation in the reproductive performance of the Nigerian indigenous chicken. Trop. Anim. Prod. Invest., 5: 37-46.
Peters, S.O., C.O.N. Ikeobi, M.O. Ozoje and O.A. Adebambo, 2005. Modellling growth in seven chicken genotypes. Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 32: 28-38.
Peters, S.O., C.O.N. Ikeobi, M.O. Ozoje, O.A. Famakinwa, Y.S. Oshodi and O.A. Adebambo, 2007. Egg quality of the Nigerian local chicken as influence by some major genes. Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 34: 25-31.
Rashid, M.M., M.N. Islam, B.C. Roy, K. Jakobsen and C. Lauridsen, 2005. Nutrient concentration of crops and gizzard contents of indigenous scavenging chickens under rural conditions of Bangladesh. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., Vol. 17.
Rashid, M., B.C. Roy and V. Asaduzzaman, 2004. Chemical composition of crop contents of local scavenging chickens. Pak. J. Nutr., 3: 26-28.
SAS., 2001. SAS Statistics Users Guide, Statistical Analysis System. 8th Edn., 8.2 Version, SAS Institute Inc., Carry, NC.
Smith, A.J., 1990. Poultry-Tropical Agriculturist Series. Macmillan Publishers, London, pp: 179-184.
Sonaiya, E.B. and V.E. Olori, 1990. Village poultry production in South Western Nigeria. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Rural Poultry in Africa, Nov. 13-16, 1989, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, pp: 243-247.
Dessie, T. and B. Ogle, 2000. Nutritional status of village poultry in the central highlands of Ethiopia as assessed by analyses of crop contents. Ethiopian J. Agric. Sci., 17: 47-56.
Wekhe, S.N., 1992. Susceptibility of indigenous (Nigerian) and exotic (Harco) chickens to fowl typhoid infection. Trop. Vet., 10: 1-3.
Wimmers, K., S. Ponsuksili, T. Hardge, A. Valle-Zarate, P.K. Mathur and P. Horst, 2000. Genetic distinctness of African, Asian and South American local chickens. Anim. Genet., 31: 159-165.
Mwalusanya, N.A., A.M. Katule, S.K. Mutayoba, M.M.A. Mtambo, J.E. Olsen and U.M. Minga, 2002. Productivity of local chickens under village management conditions. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 34: 405-416.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
