Diurnal Fluctuation in Haematological Parameters of the Domestic Fowl in the Hot Humid Tropics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.247.251Keywords:
Diurnal fluctuation, domestic fowl, haematological parametersAbstract
Diurnal fluctuation in haematological parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and erythrocyte osmotic fragility of the domestic fowl in the hot humid tropics was investigated using Nera Black cocks. Blood samples were collected from the birds at 6:00 am, 10:00 am, 2:00 pm, 6:00 pm, 10:00 pm and 2:00 am during a 12-hour light and a 12-hour dark period. PCV showed considerable diurnal variation with the lowest value obtained at 10:00 am and the peak value recorded during the early morning (2:00 am). RBC, Hb, MCH and MCHC values also varied according to the time of the day, with the lowest values observed at 2:00 pm, probably as a result of haemodilution following increased feed and water consumption at this period of the day. Peak values for RBC, Hb, MCH and MCHC were observed at 10:00 pm when the birds were already roosting (during the dark phase of the day) as a result of which physical and metabolic activities were generally lowered. Haemoconcentration so produced might be responsible for the higher haematological parameters during the night because the birds were neither eating nor drinking water at this period of the day. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility at 0.3% NaCl concentration was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 6:00 am than at any other period of the day.
References
Droge, W., 2002. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Phsyol. Rev., 82: 47-95.
Durotoye, L.A., M.O. Fadairo and A.K. Avwemorue, 2000. Diurnal variation in blood parameters in the chicken in the hot tropical climate. Afr. J. Biomed. Res., 3: 143-147.
Ferrer, M., 1990. Haematological studies in birds. Condor, 92: 1085-1086.
Harper, E.J. and B. Lowe, 1998. Hematology values in a colony of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and changes associated with aging. J. Nutr., 128: 2639S-2640S.
Islam, M.S., N.S. Lucky, M.R. Islam, A. Ahad, B.R. Das, M.M. Rahman and M.S.I. Siddiui, 2004. Haematological parameters of fayoumi, assil and local chickens reared in Sylhet region in Bangladesh. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 3: 144-147.
Schalm, O.W. and N.C. Jain, 1986. Schalm's Veterinary Haematology. 4th Edn., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ISBN-10: 0812109422, Pages: 1221.
Mafuvadze, B., M. Nyanungo, H. Saina, B. Gorejena, T. Mashayamombe and K.H. Erlwanger, 2008. Deprivation of drinking water for up to 48 hours does not affect the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes from captive helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 59-63.
Maxwell, M.H., G.W. Robertson, S. Spence and C.C. McCorquodale, 1990. Comparison of haematological values in restricted and ad libitum-fed domestic fowls: Red blood cell characteristics. Br. Poult. Sci., 31: 407-413.
Oladele, S.B., S. Ogundipc, J.O. Ayo and K.A.N. Esievo, 2001. Effects of season and sex on packed cell volume, haemoglobin and total proteins of indigenous pigeons in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Veterinarski Arhiv, 71: 277-286.
Oyewale, J.O. and H.A. Ajibade, 1990. Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in two age-groups of turkeys. Vet. Arhiv, 60: 43-48.
Oyewale, J.O. and M.O. Olowookorun, 1986. Diurnal variation in the haematological values of West African dwarf goats. Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr., 34: 161-164.
Oyewale, J.O., 1992. Effects of temperature and pH on osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) and guinea fowl (Numida maleagris). Res. Vet. Sci., 52: 1-4.
Oyewale, J.O. and L.A. Durotoye, 1988. Osmotic fragility of two breeds of domestic fowl in the warm humid tropics. Lab. Anim., 22: 250-254.
Pavlak, M., K. Vlahovic, J. Jarcic, A. Dorc and Z. Zupancic, 2005. Age, sexual and seasonal differences of haematological values and antibody status to Chlamydophila sp. in feral and racing pigeons (Columba livia forma Domestica) from an urban environment (Zagreb, Croatia). Eur. J. Wildlife Res., 51: 271-276.
Piccione, G., A. Assenza, F. Fazio, E. Giudice and G. Caola 2001. Different periodicity of some haematological parameters in exercise-loaded and sedentary horses. J. Equine Sci., 12: 17-23.
Piccione, G., F. Fazio, E. Giudice, F. Grasso and M. Morgante, 2005. Nycthemeral change of some haematological parameters in horses. J. Applied Biomed., 3: 123-128.
Pocock, S.J., D. Ashby, A.G. Shaper, M. Walker and P.M.G. Broughton, 1989. Diurnal variations in serum biochemical and haematological measurements. J. Clin. Pathol., 42: 172-179.
Rehder, N.B., D.M. Bird, P.C. Lague and C. Mackay, 1982. Variation in selected hematological parameters of captive red-tailed hawks. J. Wildlife Dis., 18: 105-109.
Sanni, A.A., O.R. Oyedokun and O.O. Alaka, 2000. Preliminary observations on diurnal rhythm in the haematological parameters of male African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse). Afr. J. Biomed. Res., 3: 117-120.
Sen, C.K., 1995. Oxidants and antioxidants in exercise. J. Applied Physiol., 79: 675-686.
Snow, D.H. and V. Martin, 1990. Effects of exercise and adrenaline on equine erythrocyte ATP content. Res. Vet. Sci., 49: 77-81.
Yagil, R., C. Luchtenstein and N. Meyerstein, 1976. Haemoconcentration and erythrocyte fragility in chickens exposed to heat and dehydration. Am. J. Vet. Res., 37: 103-106.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
