International Journal of Poultry Science
type: channel
description: The International Journal of Poultry Science (IJPS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access international journal committed to publishing high-quality and innovative research in all areas of poultry science. The journal serves as a global platform for researchers, academicians, veterinarians, nutritionists, and industry professionals to share original findings and reviews that advance the scientific understanding and practical applications of poultry production and health.
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Poultry Science
issn: 1682-8356
copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
items: Determining the Point of B-Cell Differentiation in the Bursa of Broiler Chicken Embryos with Phenotype Analysis
items: Impact of Inappropriate Transport on the Welfare and Cut Quality of Broilers: A Review
items: Comparing the Efficacy of Varieties, Low and High Phytase-expressing Corn, at Equivalent Phytase Levels on Broiler Performance and Bone Ash
items: Zootechnical and Morphological Characteristics of Indigenous Chicken Populations of Koundoul Areas
items: Effects of Mangifera indica (Mango) Leaf Powder on Growth Characteristics, Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Toxicity in Gallus gallus Domesticus (Brahma) Hens
items: Combined Effect of Methionine, Lysine and Neem Leaf Meal Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Oxidative Status of Finishing Broilers
items: Response of Pullet Chicks on Energy and Protein Ratios in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
items: Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Heavy Metals In Grilled Chicken Meats From Benin, West Africa
items: The Impact of Feeding Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress in Broiler Production
items: Dietary Inclusion of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Reared on Hatchery Waste Affects Serum Biochemical and Haematological Parameters of Brahma Chickens
items: Free-Range Production System can Improve Bone Strength in Broilers
items: Endogenous Feeding Practices in Traditional Poultry Production and Local Feed Resources in the Western Plateau Region of Togo
items: Feeding Strategies for Slow-Growing Broilers in the Tropics: Production Efficiency and Welfare Behavior
items: Correlation Between Environmental and Intestinal Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Different Chicken Flocks
items: Comparison of Three Different Vaccination Protocols Against Avian Infectious Anemia with One and Two Vaccines in Breeders and their Impact on Progeny
items: The Effect of Feeding a Sweet Potato and/or High-Oleic Peanut Diet on Layer Performance and the Quality and Chemistry of Eggs Produced
items: The Importance of Weight Control at Rearing in the Productive Aspects of Free-Range Hens
items: Determination of the Nutritional Value of Acacia macrostachya (Reichend.ex DC) and Cirina butyrospermi (Vuillet) Used in Local Chicken Feeding in Burkina Faso
items: Streptococcal Conjunctivitis Outbreak in Boschveld Chickens in Mozambique
items: Effect of Induced Molting on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Hatching Traits and Juvenile Performance of Sasso Broiler Breeders
items: Total Replacement of Inorganic Minerals with Organic Ones Improves the Productive Performance of Broilers
items: Effect of Seasonality and Dietary Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on the Quality of Spermatozoa of the Pearl Guinea Fowl Cock
items: Guinea Fowl Farming and its Egg Production in the Western Tandjile Department, Chad
items: Growth Performance and Egg Quality Characteristics of Laying Hens Fed Fresh and Dry Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
items: Effect of Feeding Sweet Potato and/or High-Oleic Peanuts to Laying Hens on Ileal Nutrient Digestibility
items: Effect of Feeding Whole-In-Shell Peanuts and High-Oleic Peanuts to Laying Hens on Ileal Nutrient Digestibility
items: Effect of Different Levels of Egg Shell in Diet on the Production Performance, Egg Quality and Heavy Metal Contents in Laying Hens
items: Inclusion of Secale cereale and Pentosanases in the Ration of Laying Hens: Exploring its Effect on Egg Production and Concentrate Intake and Searching the Optimal Combination in a Diet
items: Effect of Light Color on Gas Euthanasia in Neonatal Chickens During Shackling and Corticosterone Levels in Ducks Prior to Slaughter
items: Broiler Genetics May Influence Performance Response When Fed Low Crude Protein Diets

Determining the Point of B-Cell Differentiation in the Bursa of Broiler Chicken Embryos with Phenotype Analysis
type: item
description: Background and Objective: A major B-cell differentiation event has been reported to occur in the bursa between Embryonic Days (ED) 15-19 and is detected by the upregulation in expression of a Lewis×(Lex) carbohydrate on developing B-cells using monoclonal antibodies. The goal of this project was to determine the onset of Lex expression in bursal B-cells in the Ross 708 broiler line. Materials and Methods: Frozen sections of pooled bursas were prepared from ED15 and ED19 and were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the anti-Lex and anti-chB6 antibodies. Results: In the embryonic bursa, very low levels of Lex expression was detected by ED15. However, the intensity of Lex expression increased markedly at ED19 and co-localized with a B-cell- specific marker in the developing bursal follicles. Conclusion: We conclude that repertoire development initiates between ED15 and ED19 in the embryonic bursa of the Ross 708 line, as has been shown in White Leghorn embryos in studies by others. This information is important for planning future B-cell development studies in this broiler line.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Bursa of Fabricius
  topic: keywords
subject: embryonic development
  topic: keywords
subject: Lewis X
  topic: keywords
subject: monoclonal antibody
  topic: keywords
subject: Ross 708 broiler embryos
  topic: keywords
creator: Gregory T. Pharr
creator: Hui Wang
creator: Katie E.C. Elliott
creator: Jeff D. Evans
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 63
ending page: 66
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2025.63.66

Impact of Inappropriate Transport on the Welfare and Cut Quality of Broilers: A Review
type: item
description: Since Brazil is one of the largest consumers and exporters of broiler chickens, poultry farming plays a crucial role in the Brazilian economy. However, the consumer market increasingly demands practices compatible with animal welfare. The pre-slaughter processes (handling and transport) are especially challenging for professionals of this industry. This review of the literature was aimed to highlight important aspects to improve welfare of birds during these processes. The importance of stressors such as environmental temperature, humidity, population density of vehicles and transport and failures in catching animals was discussed in this review. During harvesting, thermal stress and management failures cause a large proportion of birds to present carcass defects, such as injuries, fractures, Pale Soft and Exudative and an increase in the rate of Dead on Arrival. The high population density and inadequate distribution of animals in the transport compartment can result in the formation of heat and humidity islands and reduce ventilation efficiency, causing thermal stress to occur. Deaths can occur at any stage up to the slaughterhouse, however long journeys under inadequate transport conditions, road quality and temperature is more like to cause deaths. Logistics adaptations in the transport system and better-quality control and identification of risk factors are essential to avoid injuries and mortality of birds during transport.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Broiler
  topic: keywords
subject: DOA
  topic: keywords
subject: mortality
  topic: keywords
subject: pre-slaughter operations
  topic: keywords
subject: stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Hansheys Ménard
creator: V.M.L. Galvão
creator: A.P. Reis
creator: A.F. Soares
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hansheys Ménard, V.M.L. Galvão, A.P. Reis, A.F. Soares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-27
publication date: 2025-10-27
starting page: 67
ending page: 75
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2025.67.75

Comparing the Efficacy of Varieties, Low and High Phytase-expressing Corn, at Equivalent Phytase Levels on Broiler Performance and Bone Ash
type: item
description: Objective: A study was conducted to compare the efficacy of two varieties of corn-expressed phytase [low specific activity (203) and high specific activity (1203)] at equivalent FTU kg–1 in broilers. Materials and Methods: Day-old Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to one of 10 dietary treatments: Positive Control (PC, standard Ca and aP); Negative Control (NC, -0.15% Ca and aP), NC +0.5 kg MT–1 203, NC+1.0 kg MT–1 203, NC +2.0 kg MT–1 203, NC +3.0 kg MT–1 203, T7, NC+0.18 kg MT–1 1203, NC+0.36 kg MT–1 1203, NC+0.72 kg MT–1 1203, NC +1.08 kg MT–1 1203. All birds were weighed on day 14, 28 and 42 to obtain performance parameters: Body weight (BW), feed consumption (FC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). On d28, left tibias were sampled from 3 birds per pen, for a total of 30 birds per treatment to determine tibia bone ash. Results: On day 14 and d28, birds fed diet supplemented with 203 (day 14, 0.50±0.00 kg, day 28, 1.80±0.00 kg) and 1203 (day 14, 0.50±0.01 kg, day 28, 1.81±0.01 kg) were heavier (p<0.05) than PC (day 14, 0.41±0.00 kg, day 28, 1.65±0.03 kg) and NC (day 14, 0.41±0.00 kg, day 28, 1.50±0.03 kg). On day 42, birds fed diet supplemented with 203 (3.41±0.04 kg) and 1203 (3.45±0.03 kg) were heavier (p<0.05) than NC (3.09±0.07 kg). On day 0-28 and day 0-42, birds fed diet supplemented with 203 (day 0-28, 1.41±0.00, day 0-42, 1.61±0.01) and 1203 (day 0-28, 1.41±0.00, day 0-42, 1.59±0.01) improved FCR (p<0.05) compared to NC (day 0-28, 1.52±0.01, day 0-42, 1.67±0.01). On day 28, birds fed diet supplemented with 203 and 1203 (51.69±0.08%) improved bone ash (p<0.05) when compared to NC (47.95±0.95%). Conclusion: Both low specific activity and high specific activity corn-expressed phytase varieties improved BW, FCR and bone ash compared to PC. Inclusion of either phytase improved broiler performance and bone mineralization in Ca and aP reduced diets and there were no discernible differences in the efficacy of these two enzymes at the tested loading…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Broiler
  topic: keywords
subject: corn expressed enzyme
  topic: keywords
subject: phytase
  topic: keywords
subject: poultry diet
  topic: keywords
subject: production
  topic: keywords
creator: A.T. Dimas
creator: E.B. Sobotik
creator: G.M. House
creator: A.M. Stiewert
creator: P. Lessard
creator: G.S. Archer
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-11-14
publication date: 2023-11-14
starting page: 192
ending page: 197
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.192.197

Zootechnical and Morphological Characteristics of Indigenous Chicken Populations of Koundoul Areas
type: item
description: Background and Objective: In rural areas, local chicken production is very important as the first source of animal protein and a good source of income. This study aimed to identify the zootechnical and phenotypic characteristics of local chickens in Koundoul area. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 households participated in the interview and 400 indigenous chickens were inventoried. Characteristics of farmers such as sex, matrimonial situation, level of study and the principal activities of the survey, the management of the flock, the main constraints, the characteristics of the plumages and the color of the eyes, tarsus, the color and the shape of the beak barbell and the crest were the main focus of the data collection. Results: Results indicated that chicken farming was largely practiced by men and illiterates. This findings revealed that the majority of respondents are married. The average chicken puberty age was 22 ±0.02 weeks, with 12.43±0.41eggs laid per clutch, with 51.55±0.69 eggs per year and 3.05±0.8 clutches per hen per year. The hatchability of eggs from indigenous chicken was 66.66%. Indigenous chickens of the Koundoul area had a black plumage color, orange-red eye color and black beak but the tarsus colors were gray. However, the barbel and crest were pink. The form of the barbel was round and the crest form was simple. Disease, predators and theft were the main constraints faced by local chicken breeding. Conclusion: Although, the performance of domestic chickens in Koundoul area is low, they have a qualitative trait diversity.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Local chickens
  topic: keywords
subject: peri-urban zone
  topic: keywords
subject: phenotypic characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: socioeconomic importance
  topic: keywords
subject: zootechnical performances
  topic: keywords
creator: Nideou Dassidi
creator: Madjina Tellah
creator: Agbehadzi Richard Koblah
creator: Ndou-Allah Djasrabaye
creator: Youssouf Mopate Logtene
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-10-16
publication date: 2023-10-16
starting page: 183
ending page: 191
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.183.191

Effects of Mangifera indica (Mango) Leaf Powder on Growth Characteristics, Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Toxicity in Gallus gallus Domesticus (Brahma) Hens
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Due to undesirable consequences of synthetic antibiotics in animal farming and ban on their use, it is imperative to find readily available alternatives that are accessible and non-harmful to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate growth performance, biomarkers of oxidative stress and toxicity in Brahma hens fed Mangifera indica (mango) leaf powder. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 Brahma hens, (45 days old), with an average weight of 400 g were divided into 4 groups of 12, according to their body weights. Hens in group 1 (control) were fed a diet without mango leaves powder ad libitum throughout the experiment, while hens in groups 1, 2 and 3 received a control diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% M. indica leaves powder, respectively. Results: The addition of M. indica leaves powder to diet did not significantly increase (p>0.05) feed intake, weight gain and mean daily gain compared to control birds. Meanwhile, hens fed the diet containing mango leaf powder had significantly (p<0.05) higher live body weight compared to the control group. Relative liver weight and abdominal fat weights were significantly (p<0.05) lower in mango leaf powder-fed birds compared to controls while the liver size difference was not significant. Only superoxide dismutase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to control. Conclusion: Mangifera indica leaf powder can be used to improve the growth of Brahma hens, especially the diet supplemented with 0.5% showed the best growth rate.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Brahma hen
  topic: keywords
subject: growth performance
  topic: keywords
subject: leaves of Mangifera indica
  topic: keywords
subject: oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
subject: toxicity
  topic: keywords
creator: Chongsi Margaret Mary Momo
creator: Metchi Donfack Mireille
creator: Blandine Kambou
creator: Tchoffo Hervé
creator: Vemo Bertin Narcisse
creator: Fonou Tadiesse Lavoisier
creator: Dongmo Nguedia Arius Baulland
creator: Djuissi Nadège Motchewo
creator: Ngoula Ferdinand
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-10-09
publication date: 2023-10-09
starting page: 174
ending page: 182
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.174.182

Combined Effect of Methionine, Lysine and Neem Leaf Meal Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Oxidative Status of Finishing Broilers
type: item
description: Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet supplemented with methionine, lysine and neem leaves on growth parameters, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and oxidative status of the liver and the pectoralis muscle of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 broilers (21 days of age, weighing 431.21±50.62 g), were used in this study. Chicks were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments and 3 replicates of 15 chicks. Group 1 received a standard diet, group 2 received a diet supplemented with lysine (0.7%) and methionine (0.3%), group 3 received a diet supplemented with neem leaves (0.25%) and group 4 received a diet supplemented with lysine/methionine and neem leaves. Feed intake and live body weight were recorded weekly. At 42 days of age, three birds per replicate were randomly selected and fasted for 12 hrs, weighed and slaughtered and blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Liver and muscle samples were also collected for biochemical analyses. Results: Diet supplemented with methionine/lysine or neem leaves did not affect feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The diet supplemented with methionine/lysine and neem leaves significantly increased (p<0.05) the body weight proportion of abdominal fat, bursa and the serum level of globulin. The relative weight of the spleen was increased (p<0.05) with the dietary supplementation of methionine/lysine or neem leaves alone. The serum level of total cholesterol was decreased (p<0.05) in broilers fed on the diet supplemented only with neem leaves. The levels of total protein and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities were increased (p<0.05) in the liver and muscle of chicken fed on the diet supplemented with neem leaves and lysine/methionine. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased (p<0.05) in the liver with neem leaves and in the muscle of broilers with lysine/methionine. Irrespective of organs, …
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant activity
  topic: keywords
subject: broiler
  topic: keywords
subject: growth
  topic: keywords
subject: lysine
  topic: keywords
subject: methionine
  topic: keywords
subject: neem leaves
  topic: keywords
creator: Tadondjou Tchingo Cyrille d’Alex
creator: Mube Kuietche Hervé
creator: Solefack Viviane Laure
creator: Ledang Narcisse
creator: Ngoula Ferdinand
creator: Teguia Alexis
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30
starting page: 165
ending page: 173
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.165.173

Response of Pullet Chicks on Energy and Protein Ratios in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Objective: This study aimed to determine the appropriate ratio of energy and protein to maintain optimal growth of pullet chicks that will lead to optimum layer performance. Materials and Methods: A total of 270 day-old chicks (Isa Brown), were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 3×3 factorial arrangement forming 9 treatments with 30 birds per treatment. Each treatment was replicated three times. The chicks were fed diets containing 3 energy (2500, 2700 and 2900 ME (kcal kg–1) and 3 crude protein (CP) levels (18, 20 and 22%) from 2-7 weeks of age. Results: Feed intake of chicks increased with increase in E:P-ratio (from 124.97-139.60 g bird–1 week–1) while at 20 and 22% CP, feed intake of chicks decreased with increase in E:P-ratio. Body weight gain increased with increase in protein levels at the three energy levels. Birds fed on 2500, 2700 and 2900 ME kcal kg–1 showed increased body weight gain (281.17-524.17 g, 282.50-325.83 g and 362.00-492.33 g, respectively) with increment in CP levels from 18, 20 and 22%. Similarly, lower feed conversion ratio was observed in birds fed 18, 20 and 22% CP. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that starter chicks fed low energy-high protein diet (2500 ME (kcal kg–1) at 22% CP level grew significantly faster and had lower cost kg–1 gain (₦ 194.25) as compared to other combinations (₦ 204.15 to ₦ 234.57), therefore it is recommended that, starter chicks could be fed on 2500 ME (kcal kg–1) diet at 22% crude protein.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Body weight gain
  topic: keywords
subject: chicks diet
  topic: keywords
subject: feed conversion ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: feed intake
  topic: keywords
subject: protein
  topic: keywords
subject: water intake
  topic: keywords
creator: H.B. Yusuf
creator: J.A. Olusiyi
creator: M.M. Yahya
creator: A.I. Abdullahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-09-16
publication date: 2023-09-16
starting page: 159
ending page: 164
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.159.164

Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Heavy Metals In Grilled Chicken Meats From Benin, West Africa
type: item
description: Background and Objective: There is concern about the safety of food, especially grilled foods in Africa. This study aimed to assess polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals content in grilled chicken meat and health risk for consumers in Benin. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 samples of grilled chicken meat were collected from Cotonou and Abomey-Calavi following various grilling processes and devices. PAHs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Heavy metals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and mercury by spectrophotometer coupled with VP100 hydride generator. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) were used to evaluate the risk of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, lead and cadmium. Results: Whole grilled chicken meat (2.761-4.062 μg kg–1) did not meet the maximum limit of 2 μg kg–1 for benzo(a)pyrene set by European Union except whole pre-cooked grilled chicken meat (0.333±0.033 μg kg–1) and whole grilled chicken meats with wood-device (1.493±0.055 μg kg–1). Regardless of the device, grilled chicken meat skewers contained a tolerable level of benzo(a)pyrene (1.216-1.892 μg kg–1). Lead level in whole (223.3±36 μg kg–1) and skewers (153.3±18 μg kg–1) chicken grilled on cabinet type charcoal-device exceeded the tolerated limit (100 μg kg–1). However, levels of cadmium, mercury and arsenic were in accordance with the regulation in all analyzed samples. Only HQ of benzo(a)pyrene was above 1 (HQ>1) for whole grilled chicken meats consumed daily. Regardless of consumption frequency, HQ of lead and cadmium were less than 1 (HQ<1) for all types of grilled chicken meats. Conclusion: No single metal poses health risk to consumers of grilled chicken meat in Benin. However, there is a potential health risk associated with PAHs in the product, which should be managed.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Benin
  topic: keywords
subject: Benzo(a)pyrene
  topic: keywords
subject: chicken meat
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
creator: Spéro K.U. Edikou
creator: D. Sylvain Dabadé
creator: Laurent G.D. Atchouke
creator: Akpénè Akakpo
creator: Elolo G. Osseyi
creator: Joseph Dossou
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-08-04
publication date: 2023-08-04
starting page: 149
ending page: 158
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.149.158

The Impact of Feeding Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress in Broiler Production
type: item
description: Objective: This study aimed to evaluate feeding strategies to increase broiler growth rate, reduce heat stress and improve welfare. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 Cobb 500 day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (3×2) forming 3 treatments: T1 (control-ad libitum feeding), T2 (feed withdrawn between 11 am to 4 pm daily) and T3 (ad libitum feed +1% palm oil) and (2 levels of water treatments: P1 (plain portable water) and P2 (Tetrapluera tetraptera powder dissolved in water, as organic anti-heat stressor). Data on growth rate, carcass analysis and blood biochemical parameters were collected. Data were analyzed using the generalized linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that the total feed consumption, final body weight and weight gain were higher in T3 than that of T1. Both the major and full breast muscle weights for T3 was higher than those of T1 and T2. The carcass parameters were not affected by feeding strategy, water treatment, or their interactions, except for head and full gizzard weights. Platelet counts for T3 was higher but mean platelet volume (MVP) and platelet large cell ratio (PLCR) was higher for T1 than that of T3. The MVP was also higher for P1 than that of P2. Conclusion: The results showed that feeding strategies influenced broiler growth more than water treatment. Prekese had phytochemicals that have inhibitory effects on respiratory illnesses and coccidiosis, such as saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Ad libitum feeding
  topic: keywords
subject: Tetrapluera tetraptera
  topic: keywords
subject: broiler growth rate
  topic: keywords
subject: feed plus oil
  topic: keywords
subject: feed withdrawal
  topic: keywords
subject: hematology
  topic: keywords
creator: Agnès Osei-Adjei
creator: Armstrong Donkoh
creator: Goodman Kantanka Sarfo
creator: Jacob Alhassani Hamidu
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-07-26
publication date: 2023-07-26
starting page: 138
ending page: 148
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.138.148

Dietary Inclusion of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Reared on Hatchery Waste Affects Serum Biochemical and Haematological Parameters of Brahma Chickens
type: item
description: Background and Objective: To address the increasing pressure on the environment and feed costs in livestock, a sustainable production system with non-conventional feedstuff is an urgent priority. This study aimed to investigate the recycling potential of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) on hatchery waste and the effect of larval biomass to serve as a protein ingredient in the diet of Brahma chicken. Materials and Methods: BSFL (4 day-old) were randomly distributed into three formulated diets D1 (66.33% of mango waste plus 33.33% of hatchery waste), D2 (66.33% of kitchen waste plus 33.33% of hatchery waste), D3 (chicken waste plus 33.33% of hatchery waste) in a completely randomized design. Larvae obtained from these substrates were further tested as protein sources in Brahma chicken feed. In a 12 week feeding trial, 54 chicks (21 days old) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments containing 0, 2.5 and 5% of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as a replacement for fish meal. Results: Formulated diet significantly (p<0.05) affected larval biomass. The highest larval weight was recorded in D2. The Brahma chicken growth and carcass traits remained comparable across all the treatments. Incorporation of BSFLM in the diet decreased the level of red and white blood cells in Brahma chickens. The Brahma chicken intestinal microbial load was not affected by diet. As compared to the control group, the diet containing BSFLM had the lowest production cost. Conclusion: Black soldier fly larvae can be used as a source of proteins in the diet of Brahma chicken and can fully replace fishmeal with minimal effects on blood biochemistry and hematology.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Black soldier fly rearing
  topic: keywords
subject: blood parameters
  topic: keywords
subject: brahma chicken
  topic: keywords
subject: hatchery waste
  topic: keywords
subject: insect larval meal
  topic: keywords
subject: production cost
  topic: keywords
creator: Mube Kuietche Hervé
creator: B.J. Nke Bela
creator: Dzepe Daniel
creator: Vemo Bertin
creator: M.J. Manga
creator: Ebile Dayan
creator: A.S. Tatsinkou
creator: Kana Jean Raphael
creator: Chia Shaphan Yong
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-07-22
publication date: 2023-07-22
starting page: 126
ending page: 137
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.126.137

Free-Range Production System can Improve Bone Strength in Broilers
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Commercial broilers are raised for quick growth and enhanced feed efficiency. However, weight gain does not correlate with slower development of the skeletal system. The weight load causes skeletal problems in birds, forcing them to spend most of their time lying down and unable to express normal behavior. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of free-range production system (FRPS) on broilers' bone strength. Materials and Methods: The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (A, B, C and D) and 3 replications. Three birds were selected randomly from each replication, weighed and then euthanized fortnightly. Increase in skeletal load was estimated for each bird, right tibia de-fleshed, weighed and severed at the midpoint of its length. The inner and outer tibia midway diameters were measured, diameter ratios were (inner to outer) computed and expressed as percentages (IO). Tibia ash (%) and IO ratio were used to determine bone strength. Results: FRPS increased bone ash (%) and decreased skeletal load. Tibia ash (%) of the control treatment (D) and treatments A and B were significantly different (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between tibia ash (%) and the IO ratio (Spearman’s correlation of r = 0.56). Conclusion: The FRPS reduced the load on the bird’s skeleton proportionally to its development stage, suggesting that FRPS increased the strength of bones, thus improved bird welfare.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Animal welfare
  topic: keywords
subject: musculoskeletal system
  topic: keywords
subject: normal behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: skeletal load
  topic: keywords
subject: tibia bone ash
  topic: keywords
subject: tibia bone diameter
  topic: keywords
creator: Peter Amuguni Mbato
creator: Wanzila Usyu Mutinda
creator: Noah Kipkoech Maritim
creator: Nicholas Edwin Odongo
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-21
publication date: 2023-06-21
starting page: 119
ending page: 125
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.119.125

Endogenous Feeding Practices in Traditional Poultry Production and Local Feed Resources in the Western Plateau Region of Togo
type: item
description: Background and Objective: The profitability of a poultry farm mainly depends on the quality of the feed offered to birds and its cost. This quality of feed is closely linked to feed raw materials. The objective of this study was to inventory the local feed resources that can be used in formulating the diets of poultry in the western plateau region of Togo. Materials and Methods: Thus, a survey was carried out in the seven prefectures of the region among 210 farmers chosen on the basis of the importance of their poultry farm and distributed in 35 villages. Direct questions made it possible to collect information on the number of hens reared, the feedstuffs used, their availability during the year, the mixtures of feed made and the frequency of distribution of feed to chickens. Results: The results showed that the average number of hens was 121 birds per farmer. Thirty-three local feedstuffs, made up of agricultural products (corn, soybeans, sorghum etc.) and their by-products (corn bran, spent grain from Tchouk, termites etc.) and unconventional resources (Taro leaf, cassava etc.) were identified. The most feedstuffs used were white corn (95.71%), small smoked fish debris (77.14%) and roasted soybeans (70.95%). The majority (87.62%) of farmers mix these feed resources before feeding on average 3 times a day to chicks (67.62%) and 2 times a day to adult chickens (63.81%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the western plateau region of Togo is rich in local feed resources that can be used in traditional poultry feed to reduce feed costs.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Feeding
  topic: keywords
subject: local feedstuff
  topic: keywords
subject: poultry feed
  topic: keywords
subject: Togo
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional poultry farming
  topic: keywords
creator: Bougra Badjonama Batimsoga
creator: Essodina Talaki
creator: Bifai Aboudoulaye Soule
creator: Assota Kakom Kossoga
creator: Abidi Bilalissi
creator: Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke
creator: Yao Lombo
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-20
publication date: 2023-06-20
starting page: 108
ending page: 118
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.108.118

Feeding Strategies for Slow-Growing Broilers in the Tropics: Production Efficiency and Welfare Behavior
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Slow-growing broilers are well adapted to tropical climate but have poor growth performance and feed efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding strategy on production efficiency and welfare behavior of slow-growing broilers in the tropics. Materials and Methods: A total of 390 Sasso broiler chickens of 14 days old were divided into three groups of five replicates with 26 chicken per replicate: birds in group A (as control) fed complete diet, birds in group B fed diets with variation in energy content and in group C birds fed diet with energy and protein contents. Feeding behavior at 10 weeks of age and carcass evaluation, abdominal fat and meat pH at 11 weeks of age were evaluated. Results: Results showed that feed intake, energy intake, growth rate and body weight were higher (p<0.05) in broiler chickens of group A compared to those of groups B and C. Protein intake, thigh weight, mortality, feed cost per chicken were similar among all treatment groups (p>0.05). However, birds fed sequentially showed lower abdominal fat, feed conversion ratio and higher economic feed efficiency (p<0.05). In addition, they showed positive welfare behavior under tropical condition. Moreover, carcass weight increased (p<0.05) in birds of groups A and B. The meat pH decreased more rapidly in groups A and C compared to group B. Conclusion: It was concluded that the variation of the energy level of diet can be used as a feeding strategy for slow growing broilers in the tropics.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Feeding behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: hot climate
  topic: keywords
subject: meat production
  topic: keywords
subject: production efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: slow-growing broiler
  topic: keywords
creator: KPOMASSE Cocou Claude
creator: NIDEOU Dassidi
creator: EDIKOU K.U. Spero
creator: HOUNDONOUGBO M. Frédéric
creator: TONA Kokou
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-20
publication date: 2023-06-20
starting page: 99
ending page: 107
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.99.107

Correlation Between Environmental and Intestinal Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Different Chicken Flocks
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Clostridium perfringens is a major enteric pathogen of poultry causing necrotic enteritis (NE). Both clinical and subclinical forms of NE are associated with a huge economic loss, so it is very important to detect and study the correlation between environmental and intestinal C. perfringens isolated from different origins in poultry farms. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 intestinal samples were collected from 20 different commercially diseased poultry flock in Egypt, as well as 10 environmental samples from 10 of the 20 farms that had clinical NE. Statistical package for the social sciences was used for cluster analysis and dendrogram construction. Similarity index between all samples was calculated using the online tool. Results: The bacterial susceptibility patterns of both environmental and intestinal isolates showed high resistance index of 100% against streptomycin sulphate, sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim, tetracycline and spectinomycin. The resistance reached 70 and 100% to ampicillin and cefotaxime: 50 and 80% to amoxicillin: 65 and 70% to bacitracin for intestinal and environmental C. perfringens isolates, respectively, while the lowest resistance (27%) was to penicillin V. Using cPCR, all isolates carried α toxin gene, while 60 and 25% of intestinal C. perfringens harbored netβ and β-lactamase (bla), meanwhile, 40 and 60% of environmental C. perfringens were positive for netβ and bla genes, respectively. Conclusion: The results of RAPD analysis, similarity index and dendrograms for 4 environmental and intestinal C. perfringens isolates (with bla gene) showed high similarity mainly with the same ancestor of environmental origin, which may explained that contamination with C. perfringens in the environment acts as a source of horizontal bla gene transfer between different C. perfringens strains within poultry farms.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Clostridium perfringens
  topic: keywords
subject: animal health
  topic: keywords
subject: antimicrobial resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: chicken flocks
  topic: keywords
subject: cPCR
  topic: keywords
subject: necrotic enteritis
  topic: keywords
subject: RAPD
  topic: keywords
subject: toxins
  topic: keywords
creator: Mustafa Bastamy
creator: Ismail Raheel
creator: Marwa Yehia
creator: Mohamed Hamoud
creator: Shahien Noseir
creator: Rabab Khalifa
creator: Samar Ibrahim
creator: Enas Hammad
creator: Lamiaa Elebeedy
creator: Mervat Abdel-Latif
creator: Ahmed Elbestawy
creator: Ahmed Orabi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-10
publication date: 2023-06-10
starting page: 90
ending page: 98
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.90.98

Comparison of Three Different Vaccination Protocols Against Avian Infectious Anemia with One and Two Vaccines in Breeders and their Impact on Progeny
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Avian Infectious Anemia is widely distributed around the world causing problems for both breeders and broilers. The transmission of this virus can be vertical or horizontal and is characterized by a clinical and subclinical presentation respectively. In order to prevent avian infectious anemia, specific titers are given to the breeder and then passed on to the chick. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of double vaccination in achieving higher and more uniform titers as well as decreasing the number of negative birds. Materials and Methods: The present study compared a traditional single-vaccine versus two other vaccination protocols using two doses in different combinations in three different flocks of Cobb×Cobb breeders. In this research serological evaluation was performed using the Idexx Avian Infectious Anemia Ab Test Laboratory kit. The breeder and the chick at birth was evaluated at different stages. Then they were compared utilizing various statistical methods according to the nature of the data. Results: Significant difference was found in the breeders at 20 weeks in favor of the protocols that used two doses and at 24 weeks in favor of the protocols that used one dose, however no difference was found in one-day-old chick. Conclusion: An additional vaccination against chicken anemia virus does not appear to be beneficial.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: breeders
  topic: keywords
subject: chicken anemia virus
  topic: keywords
subject: progeny
  topic: keywords
subject: vaccination
  topic: keywords
creator: L. Abarca-Blanco
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-04-19
publication date: 2023-04-19
starting page: 84
ending page: 89
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.84.89

The Effect of Feeding a Sweet Potato and/or High-Oleic Peanut Diet on Layer Performance and the Quality and Chemistry of Eggs Produced
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Demand for high energy poultry feed ingredients has increased with increased competition. Hence in this study we aimed to examine the effect of high oleic peanuts (HOPN) and sweet potato by-products (SWP) on hen production and egg quality. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred twenty hens were fed one of 5 treatments for 6 weeks, a conventional control (C1), a soy protein-isolate control (C2), 4% SWP diet, an 8% HOPN diet and a 4% HOPN+4% SWP diet. Eggs, body and feed weights were collected bi-weekly. Eggs were analyzed for quality and chemistry. All data were analyzed using an ANOVA at p<0.05 significance level. Results: Hens fed the C2 and HOPN diets produced significantly more eggs (p<0.01), relative to the other treatments. There were no treatment differences in body or egg weights. Feed conversion was similar between the HOPN, SWP and SWP+HOPN diets. At week 4 and 6, SWP eggs had increased egg yolk color relative to the HOPN and SWP+HOPN treatments (p<0.01). Stearic fatty acid levels were lowest in eggs produced from hens fed the HOPN and SWP+HOPN diets (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Egg yolk color may be enhanced with feeding laying hens a SWP supplemented diet relative to a HOPN-containing diet.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Alternative feed ingredients
  topic: keywords
subject: high-oleic peanuts
  topic: keywords
subject: layers
  topic: keywords
subject: shell eggs
  topic: keywords
subject: sweet potato by-products
  topic: keywords
creator: Kari Lyn Harding
creator: Thien Chung Vu
creator: Rebecca Wysocky
creator: Ramon D. Malheiros
creator: Kenneth E. Anderson
creator: Ondulla T. Toomer
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-04-03
publication date: 2023-04-03
starting page: 73
ending page: 83
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.73.83

The Importance of Weight Control at Rearing in the Productive Aspects of Free-Range Hens
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Alternative production systems have been welcomed and supported by consumers and egg producers. However, the classic free-range layer farming is a profitable business and suitable to produce egg and meat. The production performance of a layer is determined during the rearing phase. Thus, proper management is essential in order to achieve adequate weight and body composition at the beginning of the production phase so that the birds may reach the fullness of their genetic potential. In this sense, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the management on maintaining the weight uniformity of birds during rearing phase and on the production performance of laying hens. Materials and Methods: This study used the database of the Laboratory of Poultry Science, referring to Hy Line Brown® chickens of the AVIUFSC Lot 018, raised during the period from March 28, 2019 to January 22, 2021. The obtained data were used to determine the growth curves until the end of the rearing phase. The data were also used for exploratory principal component analysis (PCA). Mean and variance of body weight per week per group in the rearing phase before and after the relocation was calculated. Results: Raising semi-heavy chickens without controlling weight uniformity during rearing phase produced lighter and more heterogeneous pullets. During rearing, grouping of pullets according to their weight produced more uniform and heavier pullets at transfer age. Heavier pullets become hens with higher egg production per week up to 49 weeks of age. Conclusion: Grouping of pullets according to weight during rearing phase produced more uniform and heavier pullets at transfer age.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Free-range model
  topic: keywords
subject: hens
  topic: keywords
subject: Hy-line brown
  topic: keywords
subject: layer farming
  topic: keywords
subject: productive aspects
  topic: keywords
creator: Coronado, Augusto
creator: Soares, Carlos Eduardo da Silva
creator: Artifon Jr., Claudecir
creator: Bernardes, Priscila Arrigucci
creator: Maiorka, Alex
creator: Dahlke, Fabiano
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-03-29
publication date: 2023-03-29
starting page: 66
ending page: 72
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.66.72

Determination of the Nutritional Value of Acacia macrostachya (Reichend.ex DC) and Cirina butyrospermi (Vuillet) Used in Local Chicken Feeding in Burkina Faso
type: item
description: Background and Objective: In Burkina Faso, poultry producers are suffering from the rising feed costs, especially for protein sources such as fishmeal, groundnut cake and soybean meal. The present study aimed to determine the nutritional value of Cirina butyrospermi and Acacia macrostachya seeds as an alternative feed ingredient for local chickens. Materials and Methods: The dry matter, humidity, crude protein, nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lipids, energy and minerals of Cirina butyrospermi and Acacia macrostachya seeds were determined. The ash contents and fatty acids profile was investigated. Results: This study revealed that Cirina butyrospermi (50.2% dry basis) and Acacia macrostachya seeds (40.3% dry basis) were high in protein. Concentrations of NDF (32.8±8.35 and 19.7±0.17) and ADF (29.4±1.57 and 18.8±5.05) were found in Cirina butyrospermi and Acacia macrostachya samples, respectively. Palmitic, Stearic, Linoleic, Oleic and α-Linolenic acids were the most abundant fatty acids in the two plant samples. Both samples contain some minerals (calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc) and are rich in energy. Conclusion: Due to their potent source of protein, Cirina butyrospermi and Acacia macrostachya could be an alternative feed ingredient to reduce the high cost of fishmeal in the local chickens farming system.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Cirina butyrospermi
  topic: keywords
subject: acacia macrostachya seed
  topic: keywords
subject: Burkina Faso
  topic: keywords
subject: local chickens
  topic: keywords
subject: nutritional values
  topic: keywords
creator: H. Belem
creator: R.N.T. Meda
creator: B.K. Koama
creator: W. Kagambéga
creator: S.N. Da
creator: A.F. Drabo
creator: C.N. Ncobela
creator: M.P. Létourneau-Montminy
creator: A. Traoré
creator: G.A. Ouédraogo
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-03-15
publication date: 2023-03-15
starting page: 61
ending page: 65
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.61.65

Streptococcal Conjunctivitis Outbreak in Boschveld Chickens in Mozambique
type: item
description: Reports on preventable animal diseases are rare, even though this occurs frequently in developing nations. This report highlighted the outbreak of suspected bacterial conjunctivitis in Boschveld chicken that had been transported by road from South Africa to Northern Province of Cabo Delgado. A total of 3694 chickens were used in this study and 672 mortalities occurred. Clinical signs and gross lesions of bacterial conjunctivitis were indicated in the affected birds. Streptococcus spp. was detected in the infected eyes by microbiological analysis. This succinct communication serves to: (a) Reinforce the need for strict measures to reduce chicken stress during long-distance transport, (b) Show that bacteria of the genus Streptococcus should be included in the differential diagnosis of infectious conjunctivitis in Boschveld chicken, (c) Depict the need to avoid chicken imports and depend on local production for the current and future chicken restocking projects and (d) Indicate unavoidable diseases of chickens at larger-scale.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Streptococcus spp.
  topic: keywords
subject: animal welfare
  topic: keywords
subject: Boschveld
  topic: keywords
subject: chicken
  topic: keywords
subject: conjunctivitis
  topic: keywords
subject: eye disease
  topic: keywords
subject: mozambique
  topic: keywords
creator: Angélica Tembe
creator: Jescka Aleixo
creator: Sónia Carlitos Pinto
creator: Mariana Novela
creator: Emmanuel Pedro
creator: Custódio Gabriel Bila
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-02-15
publication date: 2023-02-15
starting page: 58
ending page: 60
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.58.60

Effect of Induced Molting on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Hatching Traits and Juvenile Performance of Sasso Broiler Breeders
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Moulting of older breeders is a procedure to obtain or to increase reproductive performance of breeders by restoration of egg quality. A 15-week study was carried out to examine the effect of induced molting of Sasso broiler breeders by feed withdrawal for a period of 9 days on the production performance, egg quality, hatching traits and 1-week post-hatch chick performance. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 Sasso broiler breeders (72 weeks old) were randomly allotted to two treatment groups (non-molt and molt) of 120 hens each. Each group was further divided into six replicates with 20 hens per replicate and 2 cocks each. The hens in the molt treatment group were subjected to molting by feed withdrawal for a period of 9 days. After the commencement of egg production, eggs were collected from the two experimental groups and incubated (from the 7th week after molting). Collection and incubation were repeated 5 times. The chicks hatched from these incubations were reared for 1-week. Results: The eggs from the molted hens had a higher albumen height and haugh unit. The eggs from the molted hens had an improvement in fertility while the hatchability of the fertile eggs was not different in the 2 groups. The incubation duration, chick weight and quality at hatch showed no difference between the treatments. At the end of the 7 days post-hatch, there was no difference in chick performance. Conclusion: It was concluded that although induced molting procedure with feed withdrawal improved the production, quality and fertility of eggs of Sasso broiler breeders, it did not influence chick quality and 1-week performance.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Broiler breeders
  topic: keywords
subject: chick performance
  topic: keywords
subject: egg quality
  topic: keywords
subject: fertility and induced molting
  topic: keywords
creator: Atoo Ashir Foreman
creator: Nideou Dassidi
creator: N’nanlé Oumbortime
creator: Okanlawon Onagbessan
creator: Kokou Tona
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-02-15
publication date: 2023-02-15
starting page: 46
ending page: 57
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.46.57

Total Replacement of Inorganic Minerals with Organic Ones Improves the Productive Performance of Broilers
type: item
description: Background and Objective: The effectiveness of mineral use is an essential topic in modern poultry feeding. The trend of using organic minerals over inorganic sources in poultry is increasing rapidly as they are supposed to be more bioavailable and efficient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the total replacement of zinc, copper, manganese, iron and selenium mineral supplementation in inorganic form by organic minerals, in the form of chelates - amino acids, on productive performance and pododermatitis score in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 480 Cobb broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and eight replications, as follows: T1 (control, with the inclusion of inorganic minerals) and T2 (total replacement of inorganic mineral sources by the blend of organic minerals, in the inclusion of 1.0 kg t–46443D1, meeting the nutritional requirements of the strain). During 42 experimental days, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, viability, productive efficiency index and pododermatitis score were measured. Results: The birds fed with 1 kg t–46443D1 of the organic blend showed lower feed intake (p = 0.0091), better feed conversion rates (p = 0.043), productive efficiency (p = 0.0065) and viability (p = 0.0465) in relation to the control group. The other variables did not differ statistically, although the group fed with organic minerals had a smaller number of animals with pododermatitis in the most severe scores of the disease. Conclusion: It is concluded that the blend of organic minerals met the nutritional requirements of the strain, by providing better rates of productive performance and can be an efficient substitute for inorganic sources of minerals.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Amino acids
  topic: keywords
subject: chelates
  topic: keywords
subject: feed conversion
  topic: keywords
subject: organic micro mineral
  topic: keywords
subject: pododermatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: poultry feed
  topic: keywords
subject: poultry health
  topic: keywords
creator: Verônica Lisboa Santos
creator: Juliana Bueno da Silva
creator: Franciane Cristina de Figueiredo
creator: Carlos Paulo Henrique Ronchi
creator: Jeffersson Lecznieski
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-23
publication date: 2023-01-23
starting page: 40
ending page: 45
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.40.45

Effect of Seasonality and Dietary Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on the Quality of Spermatozoa of the Pearl Guinea Fowl Cock
type: item
description: Objective: A study was carried out to determine the effect of graded levels of moringa leaf meal and season on spermatozoa characteristics of the Pearl Guinea fowl cock in Ghana. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two (32) cocks and one hundred and twenty-eight (128) hens aged one-day-old were used for the study after been reared to attain sexual maturity. A completely randomized design with a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement was used for the experiment. Data collected were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS for Windows, version 7) and means were separated by the probability of difference (PDIFF) procedure. Results: Result from this study revealed that, the highest sperm motility occurred in birds fed with the control diet (77.12%) while birds fed with 15% Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) had the lowest sperm motility (55.83%). Semen pH, sperm count and normal spermatozoa increased with increasing dietary moringa leaf meal. Semen pH was higher in birds fed with 15% MOLM (8.00) and lowest in birds fed with the control diet (7.70). Sperm count was higher in birds fed with 15% MOLM (4.63×109 mL) and lowest in birds fed with 9% MOLM (2.33×109 mL). Normal spermatozoa was higher (p<0.05) in birds fed with 15% MOLM (85.42%), whereas, 9% MOLM (74.17%) and the control diet (74.58%) had similar (p>0.05) but significantly lower values for normal sperm. Season had no significant (p>0.05) effect on spermatozoa characteristics except motility and sperm count. Sperm motility was higher (p<0.05) in the dry season (74.09%), whereas minor (67.18%) and major rainy (65.93%) seasons had similar (p>0.05) but significantly lower values for sperm motility. Sperm count was higher (p<0.05) in the major rainy season (4.04×109 mL) and lower in the dry season (1.89×109 mL). There was no significant (p>0.05) effect of moringa leaf meal×season interaction on spermatozoa characteristics. Conclusion: This study concluded that spermatozoa quality and quant…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Guinea fowl
  topic: keywords
subject: Moringa leaf meal
  topic: keywords
subject: semen production
  topic: keywords
subject: spermatozoa
  topic: keywords
creator: Patrick Atta Poku Jr.
creator: James K. Kagya-Agyemang
creator: Fritz R.K. Bonsu
creator: William K.J. Kwenin
creator: Clement Gyeabour Kyere
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-20
publication date: 2023-01-20
starting page: 31
ending page: 39
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.31.39

Guinea Fowl Farming and its Egg Production in the Western Tandjile Department, Chad
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Guinea fowl originates from Africa where it has a cultural significance and its raising is considered as an important traditional activity and food source. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the production of guinea fowls and guinea fowl eggs in the Western Tandjilé Department. Materials and Methods: Four sub-prefectures were chosen for the potential production of guinea fowl. A total of 320 guinea fowl farmers were the subject of this cross-sectional and retrospective survey. Results: The average number of laying females was 18 heads per backyard. Guinea fowl with dark gray plumage were dominant. Puberty occurs at 7 months (28 weeks) in males and at 8 months (32 weeks) in females. The hen was the most solicited (93%) for the brooding of 17 eggs on average. The hatching rate was 90% and the survival rate of guinea fowl at weaning at 2 months was 81.1%. Almost all farms (98%) were individual. Cereals alone or mixed with oilseeds have been the main feeds of guinea fowl, produced or purchased by producers. An average of 110 eggs laid per female during the five months of laying was observed. Diseases, losses due to predation, theft and lack of supervision were the constraints mentioned. Conclusion: The production of guinea fowl and guinea fowl eggs in the Western Tandjile Department requires special attention and adequate supervision to get rid of the constraints related to this breed and improve its productivity.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Eggs
  topic: keywords
subject: guinea fowl
  topic: keywords
subject: guinea fowl breeding
  topic: keywords
subject: production
  topic: keywords
subject: Tchad
  topic: keywords
subject: west Tandjile
  topic: keywords
creator: Brice Lengthang
creator: Madjina Tellah
creator: Dassidi Nideou
creator: Michel Assadi
creator: Nestor Odjigue
creator: Youssouf Mopate Logtene
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-16
publication date: 2023-01-16
starting page: 24
ending page: 30
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.24.30

Growth Performance and Egg Quality Characteristics of Laying Hens Fed Fresh and Dry Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
type: item
description: Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens fed fresh and dry ginger. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six pullets at 16 weeks of age were allocated to three treatment groups with 4 replicates of 8 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Hens in treatments 1 and 2 received diets containing 0.00 and 0.50% dried ginger. In treatment 3, fresh ginger equivalent to diet 2 was administered through the drinking water. Quality of eggs laid were assessed at 8, 10 and 12 weeks of the laying periods. Results: Performance was not affected by either ginger treatment (p>0.05) and egg quality parameters were not affected until 10th weeks of the laying period. At 10th weeks of lay, egg shape index was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the ginger groups compared to the control group. At 12th week of the laying period, egg shape index was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the dry ginger group compared to control group. Yolk colour was higher (p<0.05) in the dry ginger group compared to fresh ginger group in the 12th week of the laying period. All shape indices higher than 72% were reported as standard for eggs. The effect of feeding ginger diets on egg shape is a matter of concern because round eggs may not fit in egg trays and thereby increasing egg breakage during transit. Conclusion: Dry ginger meal could be used in the diet of laying chickens to achieve darker and more attractive yolk colour.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Zingiber officinale
  topic: keywords
subject: egg quality characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: ginger
  topic: keywords
subject: growth performance
  topic: keywords
subject: laying chickens
  topic: keywords
subject: phytobiotics
  topic: keywords
creator: F.C. Egenuka
creator: N.J. Okeudo
creator: J.T. Umunnabuike
creator: P.E. Gbolubi
creator: N.O. Aladi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-04
publication date: 2023-01-04
starting page: 17
ending page: 23
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2023.17.23

Effect of Feeding Sweet Potato and/or High-Oleic Peanuts to Laying Hens on Ileal Nutrient Digestibility
type: item
description: Objective: The study’s goal was to compare, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen, apparent nitrogen retention, apparent fat digestibility and apparent protein digestibility (APD). Materials and Methods: Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were fed to 80 Shaver hens for six weeks. Diets had a 2% inclusion of Celite indigestible marker. The four diets were (1) Conventional corn-soybean control, (2) 8% inclusion of high oleic peanut, (3) 4% inclusion of sweet potato by-product and (4) 4% sweet potato by-product +4% high-oleic peanut inclusion. Results: Control and birds fed a high-oleic peanut containing diet had greater apparent metabolizable energy values than other treatments, while diets containing sweet potatoes and high oleic peanuts had the least (p<0.0001). Apparent nitrogen retention for hens fed a diet containing sweet potatoes was significantly lower (p<0.0001) than other treatments. The diet containing both sweet potatoes and high oleic peanuts had highest apparent fat digestibility (p<0.0001) than other treatments. Control had the lowest apparent fat digestibility with the high oleic containing diet being slightly higher. The apparent protein digestibility of the diet containing sweet potatoes was higher than all treatments (p<0.0001). Control and the birds fed a diet containing high oleic peanuts were lower than the birds fed a diet with sweet potatoes included. Conclusion: This study implicated that diets containing sweet potato are a reasonable alternative feed ingredient for layers and sustainable utilization of a considerable agricultural waste by-product.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Alternative feed ingredients
  topic: keywords
subject: digestibility
  topic: keywords
subject: high-oleic peanuts
  topic: keywords
subject: layers
  topic: keywords
subject: sweet potatoes
  topic: keywords
creator: Kari L. Harding
creator: Dimitri M. Malheiros
creator: Thien Vu
creator: Rebecca Wysocky
creator: Ramon Malheiros
creator: Kenneth E. Anderson
creator: Ondulla T. Toomer
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-04-15
publication date: 2022-04-15
starting page: 174
ending page: 180
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2022.174.180

Effect of Feeding Whole-In-Shell Peanuts and High-Oleic Peanuts to Laying Hens on Ileal Nutrient Digestibility
type: item
description: Objective: The present is study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding whole-in-shell peanuts or high-oleic peanuts to laying hens on ileal nutrient digestibility. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 birds per treatment were utilized for 6 weeks with ileal and fecal content being collected at trial termination. Apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen, apparent nitrogen retention, and apparent protein and fat digestibility were examined. Results: There were no significant differences in egg production, feed intake, or feed conversion between treatments. Apparent metabolizable energy and the apparent nitrogen retention was significantly lower in diets containing whole in shell peanuts than the other two treatment diets. Apparent fat digestibility was significantly higher for the treatment with whole in shell peanuts than the other diets, and the high oleic peanut containing diet was significantly higher than the control. Apparent protein digestibility was greater for control diet than the other treatments and the diet containing whole in shell peanuts had significantly lower protein digestibility compared to the diet with high oleic peanuts in it. With the apparent metabolizable energy and the apparent nitrogen retention for high oleic peanut containing diet being statistically the same as the control diet results could indicate that these hens can use the energy and nitrogen for their production. Conclusion: Results indicate that 8% inclusion of high oleic peanuts in diet could be beneficial however feeding whole in shell peanuts may have poorer digestibility results, but not reduce production performance. Both high oleic and whole in shell peanuts could be good alternative feed ingredients.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Alternative feed ingredients
  topic: keywords
subject: digestibility
  topic: keywords
subject: high-oleic peanuts
  topic: keywords
subject: layers
  topic: keywords
subject: whole-in-shell peanuts
  topic: keywords
creator: Kari L. Harding
creator: Dimitri M. Malheiros
creator: Thien Vu
creator: Rebecca Wysocky
creator: Ramon Malheiros
creator: Kenneth E. Anderson
creator: Ondulla T. Toomer
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-04-15
publication date: 2022-04-15
starting page: 166
ending page: 173
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2022.166.173

Effect of Different Levels of Egg Shell in Diet on the Production Performance, Egg Quality and Heavy Metal Contents in Laying Hens
type: item
description: Background and Objective: In Bangladesh, huge amount of eggshell-waste is produced every day. Most of them are discarded into the environment. However, it can be a resource upon proper management. As eggshell contains around 40% calcium which is beneficial as poultry feed. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to convert eggshell-waste as a dietary source of laying hen. Materials and Methods: In this experiment, a total of 50 kg of eggshell was collected from farm and local food vendors. At 30 weeks of age, a total of 100 laying hens were randomly selected and were divided into 5 groups with 4 replications. The treatments were: T0: Control group-100% limestone, T1: 75% limestone and 25% eggshell based-feed, T2: 50% limestone and 50% eggshell based-feed, T3: 25% limestone and 75% eggshell based-feed and T4: 100% eggshell-feed. The hens were fed with 120 g/hen/day and water was provided ad-libitum during the experiment. The standard management system was followed. Results: A significantly higher egg weight and eggshell weight was found by feeding of 100% eggshell based-feed treatment (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the laying performance, egg production, body weight and egg quality among the treatments but the eggshell breaking strength was improved by using eggshell as poultry feed. Therefore, 3.80 kg/cm2 egg-shell breaking strength was found in 100% eggshell-feed which was numerically higher among the treatments. Inclusion of eggshell to the laying hen diet resulted in similar production performance and egg qualities compared to those of control. On the other hand, heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd) concentration followed in decreasing trend. Therefore, Egg shell would be a good source of poultry feed. Conclusion: Based on the experiment it can be concluded that eggshell may be used as an alternative source of calcium rather than throwing as waste.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Calcium
  topic: keywords
subject: laying hen
  topic: keywords
subject: eggshell
  topic: keywords
subject: poultry feed
  topic: keywords
subject: production performance
  topic: keywords
creator: M.R. Hassan
creator: A.S. Naushinara
creator: S. Sultana
creator: M.A.G. Rabbani
creator: S. Faruque
creator: M. Shammi
creator: M.M. Rahman
creator: M. Khabiruddin
creator: N. Sultana
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-04-15
publication date: 2022-04-15
starting page: 159
ending page: 165
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2022.159.165

Inclusion of Secale cereale and Pentosanases in the Ration of Laying Hens: Exploring its Effect on Egg Production and Concentrate Intake and Searching the Optimal Combination in a Diet
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Antinutritional factors are usually found in cereals, these correspond to molecular complexes structured by carbohydrates present in the grains, which increase the viscosity of the food bolus, resulting in diminished organic matter digestibility, food intake and egg production. These polymers are known as soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). The objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of incorporating Secale cereale (SEc) and pentosanases (EEp) in the diets of laying hens (Lohmann LSL hybrid) on their egg production (EP) and concentrate consumption (CC), optimal combination between the main factors was estimated for EP and CC. Materials and Methods: The trial was carried out on a commercial egg-producing poultry farm (Valparaíso Region, Chile). A completely randomized experimental design was used, with a 4×5 factorial arrangement of two factors (four levels for SEc and five levels for EEp). Ten repetitions were used per treatment, where each experimental unit corresponded to one cage with five hens. A contour curvature analysis was carried out to determine the optimal level of inclusion of SEc with EEp. The experimental period lasted 84 days. Results: There was an interaction effect of SEc and EEp on EP and CC. The optimum level of inclusion for EP was 200 g kg–1 SEc and 1 g kg–1 EEp, with average production of 396 units, for CC, the optimum value observed corresponded to 200 g kg–1 SEc with 0.5 g kg–1 EEp (47.56 kg). The lowest EP and CC responses, regardless of the EEp level in the diet, was observed with the inclusion of 600 g kg–1 SEc. The contour area curvature analysis for EP gave a high response curve zone between 130-390 g kg–1 SEc and 0.38-1.57 g kg–1 EEp, the highest response levels for CC were 120-350 g kg–1 SEc and 0.43-1.75 g kg–1 EEp. Conclusion: In this research it was possible to establish that high level of SEc inclusion in the diet affects negatively eggs production and concentrate intake. However, when…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Concentrate consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: egg production
  topic: keywords
subject: hen production
  topic: keywords
subject: pentosanases
  topic: keywords
subject: poultry production
  topic: keywords
subject: rye antinutritional factors
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Velásquez
creator: R. Arias
creator: J. Rivero
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-04-15
publication date: 2022-04-15
starting page: 151
ending page: 158
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2022.151.158

Effect of Light Color on Gas Euthanasia in Neonatal Chickens During Shackling and Corticosterone Levels in Ducks Prior to Slaughter
type: item
description: Background and Objective: A study was conducted to compare euthanizing neonatal birds with carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas in conjunction with various monochromatic light conditions. A second study investigated the effects of monochromatic lighting on corticosterone concentrations prior to stunning in market age birds. Materials and Methods: Neonatal male layer chicks, broiler chicks and ducklings were used for gas euthanasia study and market age broiler chickens and Pekin ducks were used for pre-stunning study. Neonates were euthanized using carbon dioxide (CO2) or Nitrogen (N), while under one of the following lighting conditions, green (G), blue (B), red (R), white (W), or absence of light (Dark). Results: All neonates euthanized using N took longer (p<0.05) to lose posture than those euthanized with CO2. Cessation of movement was greater (p<0.05) in neonates euthanized with N2 compared to CO2. Greater vocalizations (p<0.05) were observed in neonates euthanized with N2 compared to CO2. While light color did not show differences in vocalizations produced with male layer and broiler chicks, the most vocalizations occurred under the absence of light in ducklings compared to all other colors (p<0.05). Light color also showed differences in loss of posture and cessation of movement (p<0.05), however there was no consistency between species of neonates. Broiler chickens and Pekin ducks resulted in the highest concentration (p<0.05) of corticosterone under Dark, with G resulting in the lowest concentration. Conclusion: CO2 is considered a better means of gaseous euthanasia of neonates compared to N2. It may be beneficial and recommended to provide G lighting for poultry pre-stunning, however light color should be considered based on the species of poultry and their ability to perceive different wavelengths.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Carbon dioxide
  topic: keywords
subject: neonates
  topic: keywords
subject: light euthanasia
  topic: keywords
subject: stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Austin Stiewert
creator: Gregory S. Archer
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-04-15
publication date: 2022-04-15
starting page: 142
ending page: 150
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2022.142.150

Broiler Genetics May Influence Performance Response When Fed Low Crude Protein Diets
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Genetic selection for rapid growth and increased meat yield in a short period of time has greatly improved feed efficiency. However, the increased pressure for growth has prompted unforeseen consequences of other stressors on the broiler bird. These stressors utilize energy and nutrients that otherwise would be utilized for growth. This study was designed to evaluate how two genetic lines would perform while consuming less protein as a potential model to evaluate feed additives that may improve digestibility or immune and oxidative status. Materials and Methods: A field study was conducted and a reduced protein model was used in these two experiments. In experiment 1, Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to one of two dietary treatments: Nutrient adequate basal diet and the basal diet with reduced crude protein. In experiment 2, Cobb 700 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to the experimental diets used in experiment 1. Results: Body weight was decreased in Cobb 500 broilers compared with Cobb 700 broilers when dietary crude protein was reduced. Furthermore, Cobb 500 broilers consumed less feed compared with Cobb 700 broilers when dietary crude protein was reduced. Conclusion: As a producer, it is essential to find the point of maximum economic efficiency for the strain of broilers being reared. These data indicated differences among broiler genetic lines and dietary crude protein need to be considered when formulating diets.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Amino acid
  topic: keywords
subject: broiler
  topic: keywords
subject: crude protein
  topic: keywords
subject: growth performance
  topic: keywords
subject: meat production
  topic: keywords
creator: E.B. Sobotik
creator: S. Ramirez
creator: G.R. Murugesan
creator: L. Zheng
creator: C. Pender
creator: G.S. Archer
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-03-15
publication date: 2022-03-15
starting page: 136
ending page: 141
doi: 10.3923/ijps.2022.136.141